The Structure of the Brain 0.0 / 5 ? PsychologyScienceBiology All LevelsAll boards Created by: EmCreated on: 05-03-16 07:44 The Hindbrain Is the area of the brain around the base of the brain and around the brain stem The structures found in the midbrain control and influence some motor functions and vital responses (like breathing and sleep) The medulla, pons and cerebellum are all part of the hindbrain 1 of 12 Medulla (part of the hindbrain) Continutation of the spinal cord Some parts of the medulla are involved in touch, pressure and vibration Damage to the medulla is often fatal Controls bodily functions such as: Swallowing Breathing Heart rate Blood pressure Salivating Coughing and Sneezing 2 of 12 Pons (part of the hindbrain) Is found above the medulla Involved in sleep, dreaming and waking from sleep Helps to control breathing and some muscle movement Also serves a 'bridge' relaing messages between: The cerebral cortex and the cerebellum The medulla and the midbrain 3 of 12 Cerebellum (part of the hindbrain) Coordinates fine muscle movement Involved in learning and memory associated with movement 4 of 12 The Midbrain Is found in the middle of the brain Connects the upper and lower brain areas Consists of a collection of structures involved in: Movement Processing visual (sight), auditory (hearing) and tactile (touch) sensory information The reticular formation is part of the midbrain 5 of 12 Reticular Formation (part of the midbrain) Runs though the centre of the midbrain and hindbrain and continues upward Is a network of neurons that are bunched together as thick as your middle finger Helps to screen incoming information so as not to overload the brain Helps maintain consciousness Regulates arousal (not sexual arousal) and muscle tone 6 of 12 The Forebrain The forebrain controls various aspects of emotion and personality Parts of the forebrain regulate complex cognitive processes: Thinking Learning Memory Perception 7 of 12 Hypothalamus (part of the forebrain) The hypothalamus is around the size of a sultana or small grape It regulates the release of hormones from various glands in the body through its control of the pituitary gland Also influences behaviours associated with basic biological needs (thirst, hunger, sleep) 8 of 12 Thalamus (part of the forebrain) Consists of two parts that are oval shaped There is one in each hemisphere Filters information from all the sense receptor sites (except the nose) and passes it on to the relevant area of the brain Appears to play a role in attention 9 of 12 Cerebrum (part of the forebrain) Located in front and above the cerebellum Occupies the most space in the forebrain Consists of an outer cerebral cortex The cerebrum and cerebral cortex are primarily responsible for almost everything we consciously think, feel and do 10 of 12 Corpus Callosum (part of the forebrain) Is a band of 200 million nerve fibres Connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain Its main function is to enable the transfer of information from one hemisphere to the other The gap between the hemispheres is called the longitudinal fissure 11 of 12 Cerebral Cortex (part of the forebrain) Is the cerebrum's outer layer of neural tissue Consists of masses of neural tissue where neurons form connections with other neurons and recieve and process incoming and outgoing information Processes incoming sensory information Involved in the planning and control of voluntary bodily movements Involved with the more complex mental abilities such as: Perception Learning Memory Language Thinking Problem solving 12 of 12
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