Confucian values and military background; nationalist and anti-Communist but not capitalist, but Japan& USA ideas = modernisation. Contained many contradictions?
As his successor, subscribed to Sun Yat-sen's 'Three Principles of the People':
1. Nationalism - united China, economically & militarily strong, free from foreign interference
2. Democracy - military rule, 'political tutelage', constitutional rule/democracy - vague aspiration
3. People's livelihood - poverty; Chiang's gov made little progress on tax and land issue because of resistance from landlords
Highly conservative, socially and culturally - society should be a hierarchy; order, discipline & self-sacrifice
New Life Movement (1934) - create a 'new national consciousness and mass psychology'; short-lived as no mass support & Chiang's priorities changed after 1936
Admired fascist regimes of Italy and Germany - Society for Persistent Conduct/Blue Shirts
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