The Learning Approach: Behaviourism

Behaviourist approach - A way of explaining behaviour in terms of what is observable and in terms of learning.

Classical Conditioning - Learning by association. Occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired together - an unconditioned (unlearned) stimulus and a new 'neutral' stimulus. The neutral stimulus eventually produces the same response that was produced by the unlearned stimulus alone.

Operant Conditioning - A form of learning in which behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences. Possible consequences of behaviour include positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement or punishement.

Reinforcement - A consequence of behaviour that increases the likelihood of that behaviour being repeated. Can be postivie or negative.