Causes:
- by 1927, the NEP was failing to produce the growth that leading communists expected
- grain crisis in winter of 1927-8 (purchased grain was 25% down on the previous years total)
- agriculture was primitive and led to the need for further Collectivisation (by 1927, 5 million wooden ploughs were still in use)
1st 5 Year Plan:
- aimed to boost overall production by 300% (therefore there was an increase in the need for food supplies via Collectivisation to support expansion of industrial workforce)
- Stalin aimed to make the USSR economically self-sufficient and less reliant on foreign imports (however, by 1932 46% of total Russian imports came from Germany)
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