THE ESTABLISHMENT AND EARLY YEARS OF WEIMAR REPUBLIC 1918 - 1924

FAILURE ACHIEVE RAPID VICTORY SUMMER 1914: LONG DRAWN OUT CONFLICT, AUTUMN SCHLIEFFEN PLAN FAILED

STAELMATE: GERMANY FIGHTING EAST & WEST, ALLIE BLOCKADE - DIFFICULT SUPPLIES, UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE DIDNT WEAKEN GB

STRENGTH ALLIES: APRIL 1917 USA MOBILISE 2 MILLION MEN

LIMITATION ECONOMY; UNPREPARED COSTS, INCREASE ARMS PRODUCTION, ECONOMY SEVERLEY DISCLOATED

FAILURE FINAL OFFENSIVE MARCH 1918: RUSSIA SURRENDER, OFFENSIVE WESTERN FRONT UNABLE MANTAIN MOMENTUM, AUGUST TROOPS RETREAT

WINTER MONTHS 1917 MORALE LOW

FOOD / FUEL SHORTAGE: 1916-17 TURNIP WINTER POTATOE FAILED

CIVILLIAN DEATHS: STARVATION & HYPOTHERMIA ROSE FROM 121,000 IN 1916 TO 293,000 IN 1918

INFANT MORALITY: NUMBER DEATHS ROSE 50%

INFLUENZA: 1918 EUROPE WAS HIT, KILLING 20-40MILLION 

INFLATION: PRICES DOUBLED 1914 - 1918 WAGES ROSE 50 - 75%

CASULTIES: 2 MILLION KILLED 6 MILLION WOUNDED

KAISER CHANGES - GERMANY CONSITUTIONAL MONARCHY 

• MAX OF BADEN APOINTED CHANCELLOR
• RESPONSIBLE REICHSTAG - BASED MAJORITY PARTIES
• ARMY UNDER CONTROL

MAJOR CONSITUTUIONAL TRANSFORM

LUDENDORFF 3 AIMS

• SECURE BEST PEACE TERMS
• PREVENT OUTBREAK POLITICAL REVOLOUTIONARY DISTURBANCES
• SHIFT RESPONSIBILITY NEW LEADERSHIP "STAB IN BACK"

3RD OCTOBER MAX WROTE WILSON ARMISTICE

WILSON: SUSPICIOUS. 

EVACTUATE OCCUPIED TERRITORY, END SUBMARINE WARFARE & DEMOCRATISE POLITICAL SYSTEM 

KIASER ABDICATE

TRIED FAILED FATHER SUPPORT LAST DITCH MILITARY EFFORT

29TH OCTOBER MUTINY SAILORS NEAR KIEL

2ND NOVERMBER SAILORS CONTROL

6TH NOVEMBER WORKERS / SAILORS COUNCILS SIMILAIR SOVIETYS SET UP BOLSHEVIK REVOLOUTION ESTABLISHED BERLIN, COLOGNE, STUGGART

BAVARIA - KING LOUIS III DISPOSED - BAVARIA DECLARED SOCIALIST REPUBLIC

"DECISIVE MOMENT IN GERMAN REVOLOUTION"

DEMANDS IMMEDIATE PEACE & ABDICATION KAISER

REALISED LOST WAR, GAIN NOTHING BY CARRYING ON

PROPEGANDA & CENSORSHIPED DELAYED REALITY

9TH NOVERMBER 1918 SPD WORKER STRIKE BERLIN

MAX NEEDED SPD ANNOUNCED KAISER ABDICATE BEFORE OFFICIAL 

MAX RESIGNED - POST EBERT

SCHIEMAN DECLARED GERMAN REPUBLIC

GROENER TOLD KASIER NO ARMY SUPPORT

EBERT NOT REVOLOUTIONARY 

COME POWER REVOLOUTIONARY ACT - LACKED LEGITAMACY 

PRIORTIY ELECTION CONSTUIENT ASSEMBLY

GERMANS URGED AVOID DEMONSTRATIONS, 

AUTHORITY DIDNT EXTEND MUCH: ARMISTICE STRIKES, ARMED CLASHES, DEMOSTRANTIONS NORMAL

EBERT COULDNT IGNORE WORKERS / SOLDIERS COUNCILS WHICH USPD & SPARTACISTS ESTABLISHED

22ND NOVEMBER AGREEMENT - GOVERNMENT ACCEPTED ONLY EXCERCISE POWER IN NAME OF CONCILS 

TEMPORARY COMPROMISE

COUNCILS - TRUE EPRESSION OF REVOLOUTIONARY WILL

AUTOCRATIC NOT ABOLOSHED UNLESS: ARISTOTIC STATES BROKEN

KEY INDUSTRIES UNDER NATIONALISED WORKERS CONTROL

SURVIVAL DEPENDED ARMY SUPPORT

ARMY OFFICERS ARISTOCRACTIC BACKGROUND

LATE 1918 POLITICAL SITUATION HIGHLY UNSTABLE DANGER BOLSHEVIK REVOLOUTION - CIVIL WAR

10TH NOVEMBER GROENER ASSUERED ARMY SUPPORT - EBERT NOT DEMOCRATISE ARMY

PACT WAS UNAVOIDABLE / NECESSARY

CRITICS LEFT SAW OBJECT BETRAYEL

6TH DECEMBER: SPARTACIST DEMONSTRATION BERLIN KILLING 16

23-24TH DECEMBER: SAILORS REVOLT AGAINST GOVERNMENT BERLIN - PUT DOWN 3 USPD MINISTERS RESIGN

6TH JANUARY: SPARTACIST LAUNCHED ARMED REVOLT AGAINST GOVERNMENT SPARTACIST UPRISING, 

ELECTIONS CONSTUTENT 19TH JANUARY 

WOMEN VOTE - SPD: LARGETS VOTE & SEATS NOT OVERALL  MAJORTY - HAVE TO COMPROMISE

EBERT FIRST PRESIDENT NEW GOVERNMENT LED SCHIEDMAN FORMED BY SPD COALITION CENTRE & GERMAN DEMOCRATIC PARTIES

REPSENTITIVES DID NOT AGREE BUT GENERAL AGREEMENT THAT IT SHOULD REPRESENT CLEAR BREAK WITH AUTOCRATIC CONSITITUION 

CLEAR DELCERATION - POLITICAL AUTHOIRTY DERIVES PEOPLE

WIDER RIGHTS: WOMEN VOTE & ALOWED BE DESPITES 

PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION: SMALLER WIN SEATS, COUNTRY DIVIDED 35 ELECTORAL DISTRICTS

DEMOCRACY: UNLIKE 2ND EMPIRE, PRUSSIA COULDNT DOMINATE

RIGHTS:FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS & DUTIES GERMAN CITIZENDS INCLUDE EQUALITY & RELIGIOUS FREEDOM

REFRENDUM: CALLED BY PRESIDENT OR PEOPLE 10% REQUEST

PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTAITON

PROLIFERATION SMALL PARTIES: ANTI-REPUBLICAN PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM CREATED FRAGMENTED PARTY SYSTEM 

COALITION GOVERNMENTS: NONE OF LARGER PARTIES GAIN OVERALL MAJOIRITY CO-ALITIONS VERY SHORT LIVED

PRESIDENT - HEAD OF STATE

ELECTED 7 YEARS

SUPREME COMMANDER ARMED FORCES

RESERVE POWERS - ARTICLE 48

CHANCELLOR 

LEAST 50% SUPPORT REICHSTAG

PROPOSED NEW LAWS REICHSTAG

REICHSTAG

ELECTED 4 YEARS CHANCELLOR

VOTED BUDGET: NEW LAWS ORIGINATE REICHSTAG - REQUIRED MAJOIRTY APPROVAL 

REICHSTRAT

2ND CHAMBER PARLIMANT

MADE 67 REPRESENTITIVES FROM LANDER STATE REPRSETED PROPORTION POPOULATION

NO BIGGER 40% - ADVISE LAWS

SUPREME COURT

SETTLES INTEPRETATIONS OF STATES MOST SIGNIFICANT LAWS

INDIVIDUAL VOTERS RIGHTS

VOTE LOCAL STATE ASSEMBLY - OCCASIONALLY IMPORTANT ISSUES

"ALL GERMANS EQUAL BEFORE LAW"

GURANTEED RIGHT BELONG TRADE UNION / RIGHT WORK

RESPONSIBLE USE INTELLECTUAL / PYHSICAL POWERS BENEFIT COMMUNITY

ARTICLE 48 MEANT EMERGENCY PRESIDENT RULE

EBERT USED 136 OCCASIONS

NO EFFECTIVE SAFEGUARDS RPESIDENT DISSOLVE REICHSTAF IF NOT GIVEN DECREE

EBERT LEADING VOICE CAUSE OF PARLIMENTARY DEMOCRACY

2ND EMPIRE ARMY OFFICERS, CIVIL SERVANTS & JUDGES RECRUITED ARISTOCRACY 

THE ARMY: LEADERS DETEROINED KEEP INDEPANDACE. 2ND EMPIRE ALLOWED CONTINUE RESULT BIAS. FULL FORCE AGAINST LEFT WING. GENERAL HANS VON SEEKT SAW GOVERNMENT TEMPORARY

CIVIL SERVICE: FREEDOM OPPINIONS AS LONG DIDNT CONFLICT LOYALTY STATE. ADNIMISTRATION ANTI-DEMOCRATS, WIELD ENOURMOUS POWER. COALITION FREQUENTLY CHANGING

JUDICIARY: ARTICLE 54 INDEPENDANCE JUDGES. MEN WERE STUANCHLY, MONARCHIST, ANTI-DEMOCRATIC SHOWED BIAS.