Lemert distinguishes between primary and secondary deviance.
Primary - deviant acts that have not been publicly labelled. Lemert argues that it's pointless to seek the causes of primary deviance, so widespread unlikely to have a single cause. an example would be fare dodging.
little impact on the individual's status or self- concept.
Secondary - the result of societal reaction - labelling. Being caught and publicly being labelled a criminal can lead to stigmatisation, being shamed, humiliated, shunned or executed from normal society.
Master status - once a person is labelled, may only be seen in terms of that label.
the only way to solve a crisis of the person's self-concept and identity is for that person to accept their label. This may lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy. Lemert refers to further deviance due to acting out as secondary.
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