The Changing UK Economy

How?

• The UK used to be made up of primary (resource) and secondary (manufacturing) jobs
• Now (2015), 78% are in the tertiary (services) and 10% in quaternary (info) sectors

Deindustrialisation

• Coal and iron mining in the UK is now less economic
• Manufacturing has been moved to LICs and is less productive

Globalisation

• China and other NEEs opened themselves to cheap manufacturing
• Importing crops and goods from LICs is cheaper (lower pay)

Government Policies

• EU fishing quotas make it hard to make a profit
• Government tends to invest in the "knowledge" economy more

What are they?

• A science park is a cluster of quaternary (knowledge) businesses on one site
• A business park is a group of businesses on an area of land

Cambridge Science Park

• Founded by Trinity College in 1970 (oldest in UK)
• 5000 employees
• Has CCTV and 5 broadband services
• Over 100 businesses e.g. Kodak
• Microsoft pledged £50m for the European Computer Research Centre
• Health centres, jogging paths and landscaping make it attractive
• Near London (52 minutes) and main roads (A14) for easy access
• Near a few Universities to try and attract skilled graduates

Outer Hebrides

• Area of decline (down 50% from 1901)
• Young move away as there's little opportunities
• Schools are closing due to less children being there
• Tourism has increased 27% from 2007 to 2013

South Cambridgeshire

• Area of growth (predicted population 182000 by 2031)
• People move there for retirement, or migrate from Europe
• House prices are going up, and so farmers sold land (less agriculture)
• 80% car ownership on small roads, and some of highest petrol prices in the UK

Background

• On Mendip Hills (near M5)
• 5 million tonne output

Advantages

• 100 jobs
• Contributes £15 million a year

Problems

• Congesting narrow roads
• Dust, noise, visual pollution putting off tourism and locals

Solutions

• Monitoring dust, noise, water and vibration pollution
• Landscaping and wildlife lakes make the area look nicer

HS2 (Trains connecting London to Manchester and Leeds)

• 250mph trains cuts journeys in half
• May disturb rural areas, and expensive

A303 (South West Super Highway connecting M3 and M5)

• Jobs in construction, and makes commutes faster
• May disturb Stonehenge and other local areas

Liverpool2 (Deepwater quay on the Mersey)

• Boosts NW economy, as it doubles the port's capacity
• Costs £300m so may be a waste of money to some

New Heathrow Runway

• Increases money from trade, and adds to the 29000 jobs there
• Noisy, and on valuable land 

What is it?

• A real or imagined cultural and economic difference between the North and South
• Doesn't include Scotland, and all of Wales is "Northern"

Evidence for the Divide

• Wages are £16219 in Middlesborough, but £28028 in Hackney
• Average house prices are £137000 in the North, but £266000 in London
• Merthyr Tydfil has 30.1% unemployed, but Portsmouth only has 17.5%
• Government spending in £8750 in the Midlands, but £10129 in London per person

Lancashire

• Number one in the UK for advanced engineering
• 500 aerospace companies (and 13000 employees)
• 4 successful universities
• Near Manchester airport
• Best UK food pub

Commonwealth

• 53 former countries colonised by the UK
• May offer benefits in trading (like the countries are closer)

EU (European Union)

• No tariff on goods in the "single market"
• Free movement of members may lead to overcrowding
• Created 3.5 million jobs over the years
• £300 to £873 per person to be a part of it

Other

• TV exports worth £1.28 billion (namely to USA, NZ)
• Arctic Fibre cables connect Tokyo and London at 100GB speeds
• Southampton is a major port
• Channel tunnel connects the UK and Europe