The cell cycle

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G1 Phase

  • Grows physically larger 
  • copies organelles 
  • makes the molecular building block it will need in later steps 
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S Phase

  • The cell synethezes a complete copy of the DNA in its nucleus. 
  • Duplicates a microtube-organising structure called the centrosome. 
  • The centrosome helps to seperate DNA during M phase.
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G2 Phase

  • The cell grows more 
  • Makes proteins and organelles 
  • Begins to reorgenize its contents.
  • G2 phase ends when mitosis begins. 
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G0 Phase

  • A period in the cell cycle in which cells exist in a quiscent state. 
  • Referred to as the 'post-mitotic' state. 
  • This is where depoptosis can happen and the cell can kill itself if something is wrong with the DNA. 
  • Some types of cells, such as nerve and heart muscle cells, become post-mitotic when they reach maturity (i.e., when they are terminally differentiated) but continue to perform their main functions for the rest of the organism's life.
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