The American Civil War, LINCOLN
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- Created by: Bambi101
- Created on: 14-02-18 13:16
What was Lincoln's view in 1861 on Emancipation?
- Inaguration- 'I have no purpose to interfere with the instituition of slavery where it already exists'. 7 states have already seceded, persuading border states to stay.
- May, General Butler declared that skaves who came to his camp were to be confiscated as contraband of war.
- Aug, Confiscation Act- allowed seizure of all enemy property. Slaves to be set free.
- Aug, General Fremont issued proclamtion freeing all the slaves of all Confed supporters in Missouri. Lincoln believed this was a setp to far and removed him from command.
- Dec, most Republicans were concerned for Black Americans. Blamed slaveholders for starting the war. Concerned if the Union was restored without slavery being abolished then nothing would be solved.
- Dec, Lincoln, 'we didn't go to war to put down slavery but to put the flag back... the thunderbolt will keep'. PRESERVE THE UNION.
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What was Lincoln's view in 1862 on Emancipation?
- March, Lincoln appealed to Congress requesting that compensation should be given to any state which adopted principle of gradual abolition of slavery.
- April, Slavery in Washington was abolished. Provision was made to compensate slave owners and support colonisation of ex-slaves to liberia.
- July, Garrison criticised Lincoln for 'stumbling and halting' on slavery.
- July, Lincoln announces to cabinet his intention to issue an Emanciaption Proclamation. Seward agrees but wait for the 'eagle of victory'. Preserving Union still priority.
- Aug, 'If If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it'. Lincoln said this to Greely.
- Sep, Preliminary Emancipation Proclamtion announced. Doing it to win the war and not on a moral ground.
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What impact did the Emancipation Act have?
- Weakened the Confederacy who now stood little chance of winning British support.
- Union forces now had to protect slaves.
- Abolitionists were preapred to give credit where credit was due.
- Republicans determined to pass constitutional amendment prohibiting slavery- 13th Amendmant.
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What was the 13th Ammendment?
- Soldified abolition into the Constitution.
- Required 2/3 majority in House.
- Passed in Dec 1865, 3/4 states say yes.
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What was Lincoln's views on Reconstruction?
- Said Reconstruction was a presidential concern. Consitution gave him power of pardon.
- Knew that after the war, his powers reduced. Needed to establish firm principles during war.
- Wanted to restore the Union ASAP.
- Needed a flexible plan.
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What were the Radical Republicans views on Reconst
- Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumter Wade.
- Wanted harsh settlement on South.
- Believed ex-slaves should have same rights as white americans. Wanted them to vote for Republicans.
- Believed Congress should control Reconstruction.
- Not happy with 10% plan. Said 50%.
- Not flexible.
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What was the 10% plan and what was the reaction to
- Offered a pardon to white southerners who would take an oath of allegiance to the Union.
- Used the 10% plan in Louisiana to set up new governments. Louisiana drew up a constitution banning slavery but not giving black people the vote.
- Only 12,000 people swore the oath.
- Congress rejected the constitution.
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What was the Wade-Davis Bill?
- 1864.
- Required 50% of people of Confederates to take an 'ironclad' oath.
- Anyone who held political office during the Confederates were to be excluded from political process.
- Lincoln pocket-vetoed the bill.
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What was the Freedmen's Bureau?
- Aim to help relieve suffering of Southern blacks providing food/clothes/medicalcare/legal care.
- Creation symbolised widespread Republican belief that federal government should shoulder some responsibiliy for the freedmen's well being.
- An example of federal intervention
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Why did Johnson have a sudden change of heart?
- Make himself feel poweful. Idea of a legacy.
- Older order- white elites. Johnson is also a white supremisist.
- Northerner's said Johnson being bribed by southern girls seduction.
- Johnson fierce advocate of states rights.
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What was Johnson's plan for the return of southern
- Appointed provisional state governors who did their best to co-operate with white southerners.
- Main task was to hold elections for state conventions.
- Scheme approved by his cabinet and seemed to have the support of most Northerners.
- Republicans saw it as a reason to repudiate the president.
- More leniant than Lincoln.
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What were the 'Black Codes'?
- Most states required black people to possess contracts which provided evidence of employment.
- Black children could be taken as 'apprentices' and put to work on plantations.
- Some prevented black people from renting/buying land.
- 0/11 gave black people the vote.
- No independance, still working for white people.
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What was the nature of the southern delegations?
- Northerner's still had a profound distrust of the South.
- Congress members didn't reassure notherner's of the South's good intent.
- Congress began Dec 1865. Johnsons claimed reconstruction done.
- Lack of trust.
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What acts were introduced in early 1866?
- Civil Rights Act ensured the equality before the law. Counter to black codes.
- Aimed to guarantee minimal rights to black people.
- People born US national citizens asserted the right of federal government to intervene in state. Reverse of Dredd Scott.
- Johnson argued Civil Rights were a state matter. Vetoed the measure. Radicalised Republicans.
- Congress, unanimous support.
- April 1866 veto was overridden due to the 2/3rd majority.
- Few weeks later Congress passed a Second Freedmen Bureau.
- Federal judges given power to protect black people. Moved cases to federal cases.
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