The American Civil War, BATTLES
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- Created by: Bambi101
- Created on: 07-02-18 11:49
Why were the Confederates fighting?
- States Rights: They oppose federal intervention.
- Preserve Slavery: argued that its a way of life.
- Wanted to win independance.
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Why were the Union fighting?
- To preserve the Union.
- Abolition of slavery.
- They don't want a war.
- Anaconda plan- strangle the Confederates.
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What advanatges did the Confederates have?
- Fight a defensive war.
- They had four natural barriers (Rivers, York, James, Rappahannock and Potamac)
- Size of Confederacy,750,000 square miles, would not be easy to conquer.
- Martial culture was more important to the South.
- Better Generals, Robert E. Lee.
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What advantages did the Union have?
- 22 million people in the North compared with 9 million in he South.
- Four slave states had remianed loyal to the Union.
- Strogner pool of milaitry experience and had a huge naval supremacy.
- Had more resources:
- 0 ships (C) vs 90 ships (U)
- Firearm production 32 (U) vs 1 (C)
- Wheat Production 4.2 (U) vs 1(C)
- Railway track, North had twice as much.
Lincoln Quote- 'I hope to have God on my side but I must have Kentucky'
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What happened at Manassas/Bull Run?
- 21 July 1861
- Eastern theatre, Virginia.
- Union Commander- McDowell.
- Confederate Commander- Johnstone and Jackson.
- The Union attack the Confederates, start winning.
- Most Confederate's ran away but Jackson kept his troops there.
- Union ran away from the battle.
Impact
- Confederates won.
- Humiliation for the Union, McDowell kicked out and McClellan put in charge. Called the 'Great Skidaddle'. Poor leadership on the Union behalf.
- More casualites in the Union- 2,800 vs 2,000
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What happened at Shiloh?
- April 1862, Western Theatre, S.W. corner of Tennesse.
- Union had Grant and Confederate, Johnston and Beuregaurd.
- Confederates attack, Union suprised and pushed back.
- Union counterattack, Johnston shot dead and south retreat further.
Impact
- Not a clear cut victory or a decsive battle.
- Increased Union dominance in the West and the beginning of Grant's leadership.
- Changed the perception of the war.
- More casualites in the Union, 13,000 vs 10,000
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What happened at the Seven Days Battle?
- June/July 1862
- Eastern Theatre/Virginia.
- McClellan planning to take Richmond, training his army.
- Union were not strong enough, Lee attacks for 7 days, McClellan retreats.
Impact
- Overwhelming Southern victory.
- Union back on boats to Washington.
- Ended Pennisula campaign and Northern morals crushed.
- McClellan kicked out, Pope replaces.
- South lost 20,000 vs 16,000 Union.
- Can the South sustain these losses?
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What happened at the Second Manassas?
- August 1862.
- Manassas, Eastern Theatre.
- Pope wanted a united army.
- Lee sent Jackson (Confed General) to Wsahington and the North of Pope.
Impact
- Union disaster- 16,000 vs 9,000.
- Union reputation downhill.
- Doesn't really change the pattern of the war.
- Pope gets kicked out, McClellan back in, he's good at administration.
- Pathed the way for Lee to invade Northern soil.
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What happened at the Battle of Antietam?
- September 1862.
- Sharpsburg, Maryland.
- Lee trying to ruin northern mroale by fighting ont heir soil, wants support from Maryland.
- Union have double the amount of men (85,000)
- Lee splits army, McClellan doesn't attack- missed opportunity.
- Lee's army reunites again with Jackson (just in time). Union attacking all the time.
Impact
- Union claimed victory- 12,000 (U) vs 10,000 (C)
- Bloodiest single day Battle ever.
- Graphic photos shocked citizens.
- Strategic Union victory.
- McClellan replaced with Burnside
- Nearly 1/4 of Lee's army gone, can't carry on like that.
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What happened at Fredericksburg?
- December 1862.
- Eastern Theatre in Fredericksburg.
- Burnside (Union) reluctant to take the job.
- Union get hammered fighting when South.
- Union sent 14 brigades up slope, absolutely slaughtered.
- Disastrous generalship.
Impact
- Crushing defeat for the Union. Confederacy lost 5,000, U lost 13,000.
- Burnside accepts responsisbility but blames Lincoln for making him take control. Kicked out and ****** replaces him.
- Restored Confederate moral.
Lincoln quote 'If there is a worse place than hell, I am in it'
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What happened at the Battle of Chancellorsville?
- April- May 1863
- sent troops on a flanking march to threaten Lee.
- Lee split his forces, left some at Fredericksburg, May divides again to Jackson who attacks at dusk pushing the Union back, shocked and confused.
- Jackson dies.
Impact
- 17,000 (C) vs 13,000 (U).
- Confederate victory
- Led to overconfidence from the Confederates.
- General-****** replaced
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What happened at Gettysburg?
- July 1863
- Confederates had same strategy, stop Union attack.
- Lee attacking Meade.
- Day 1- Confederate victory.
- Day 2- Union hold Little Round Top.
- Day 3- Pickett's Charge.
Impact
- Lee blamed himself and offers resignation, Jefferson declines.
- Lee lost 1/3rd of army.
- Union victory, turning point.
- Union 23,000 vs 28,000 Confed
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What happened at the Fall of Vicksburg?
- May- July 1863.
- Strategic battle for Union
- Lincoln quote- 'Vicksburg is the key, war can never be brought to a close until the key is in our pocket'.
- Instead of fighting from top, Grant goes other side of River and attacks from the South. Risky.
- Siege cuts off supplies to the Confederates. Surrendered 4 July, 30,000 men.
Imapact
- Grant won.
- Confederate cut in half as the Union are in control of the Union.
- Leads to Grants promotion.
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What happened at Chickamauga and the siege of Chat
- Sep-Nov 1863
- Confederate have more men than Union.
- Union moved troops to where Confed weren't, they took advantage of this.
- Confederates going to besiege Union in Chattnooga, broke out siege.
Impact
- Union loses Chickamauga
- Poor placement of the Confederates.
- Bragg (C) unpopular with his men.
- Opened way to Atlanta, crucial transport link
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What happened at the Battle fo the Wilderness and
- May- June 1864
- Grant moved soldiers to the Wilderness.
- Lee predicted this, suprise attack, two days fighting from the Union.
- Grant doesn't retreat but attacks again.
Impact
- No clear cut victory
- strategic success for the Union.
- Grant didn't allow Lee to rest or re-build his army.
- 55,000 Union loses, however, they can afford to replace this.
- Confederacy lose 31-35,000 men, cannot affor to replace this.
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What happened at Sherman's 'March to the Sea'?
- Nov- Dec 1864
- Atlanta is crucial due to the transport links. Sherman (Union) wanted to 'make Georgia howl'.
- After C lost Atlanta, Confederate head West into Tennesse.
- General Thomas split Union.
- Confederacy not in position to mount effective opposition
Impact
- Union won.
- Inflicted $100million worth of damage on Georgia and crippled states railway network.
- Reduced southern morale.
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What happened at the Siege of Petersburg?
- June 1864- April 1865
- Aim was to destroy Lee's army.
- Union siege the Confederates.
- Confederate army deserted as they could not feed their troops.
- 60,000 desertions.
- Battle of Appomattax, April 1865. Lee reduced to 25,000 men, signed a surrender.
Impact
- War is done.
- Grant- 'rebels are our countrymen again'.
- Gives ration for 25,000 men for 3 days.
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