Tests for Cations and Anions

Flame Tests

• Lithium - Crimson Red
• Sodium - Yellow Orange
• Potassium - Lilac
• Calcium - Brick Red
• Barium - Green

Coloured Precipitate (with NaOH)

• Copper - Blue
• Iron (II) - Sludgy Green
• Iron (III) - Reddish Brown
• Calcium - White
• Magnesium - White
• Aluminium - White (then redissolves to colourless)

Carbonates

• Forms CO₂
• Some change colour when they decompose

Sulfates

• Add dilute HCl, followed by barium chloride solution
• White precipitate formed 

Halines

• Add dilute nitric acid, followed by silver nitrate solution
  • Chloride - white precipitate
  • Bromide - cream precipitate
  • Iodide - yellow precipitate