Carbonate ions give off CO2 (and water), Sulphites give of SO2 (and water) tested using potassium dichromate paper (orange to green).
Sulphate ions produce a white precipitate with dilute HCl and Barium Chloride (HCl removes and carbonates of sulphites before the test).
Nitric acid and silver nitrate: tests for halides
Chloride ions give a white precipitate - Silver Chloride
Bromide ions give a cream precipitate - Silver Bromide
Iodide ions give a yellow precipitate - Silver Iodide
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