1. High Biodiversity - seasonality means that different species can exploit niches at different times, e.g: due to the deciduous trees losing leaves, there are high light levels at the ground in Spring, so many flowers bloom at this time. Lack of dominant species means there are many
2. Resources - for medicine (willow for aspirin), wood as fuel or building material, food provision (like game as well as berries), charcoal for smelting metal ore
3. Climate Control - woodlands are large reservoirs of carbon, as the trees sequester carbon in woody biomass as they photosynthesise and grow. This offsets the greenhouse effect and therefore maintains a stable climate, in addition to the role of trees and vegetation in transpiration
4. Soil Erosion Control - the tree roots bind soil and aerate it, making it less likely to erode and more fertile. They also manage the soil water content as they take up water through the roots into the transpiration stream
5. Recreation - woodlands have an important role in activities and leisure, like walking, cycling, camping, picnics, etc
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