Symphony No. 40- Mozart.

The piece is split up into three different sections. The exposition- when the first theme is exposed to the listener, it provides the piece with it's main melody and the piece uses variations of it throughout the piece. The development- this is when the main exposition is altered through different means mainly by a change in key from major to minor for example. This section is different from the eposition section but it shared many of the same features of it. Finally there is a section called the recapitulation- this literally means to recap the expostion, it is repeated again for the final time. 

Known as Sonata form.

The exposition has two themes within it; these are known as the first and second subjects. The first subject is played by the Violins and the second subject is shared by the Violins and Woodwinds.

The harmony of the piece is diatonic. This means that the harmony that is played never leaves the scale it is in. The piece starts in G minor and the second subject modulates to B flat major which is the relative major. The song ends in a perfect cadence.

In the first subject the Violins play the tune in octaves. The texture is thicker at the cadences. The piece is mostly homophonic which menas it's melody dominated with chords underneath. There is a counterpoint with an overlapping melody in the development section.

This piece uses a wide variety of instruments including Violins for the main melody as well as Cellos and Double Basses for a Bass harmony which is sustained throughout the piece. The Flutes join for the second subject. The Clarinets are also added, this is quite strange as Clarinets were newly invented at the time. The Horns are used to thicken the cadences. Strings, Violins, Double Bass, 2 Horns (one in G and one in B flat), 2 Bassons, 2 Clarinets, 2 Oboes and Flute.