Surgery & Anatomy

Revsision Cards on surgery & anatomy in each era.

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Prehsitoric (Surgery & Anatomy)

  • Simple surgery


  • Trephining
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Egyptians (Surgery & Anatomy)

  • Simple surgery


  • Trephining


  • Knowledge of main bones and organs
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Greeks (Surgery & Anatomy)

  • Honey, vinegar and wine as antiseptics


  • Simple anaesthetics made from plants
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Romans (Surgery & Anatomy)

  • Honey, vinegar and wine as antiseptics


  • Simple anaesthetics made from plants


  • Galen emphasises importance of dissection to gain knowledge of the anatomy of the body.
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Medieval/Middle Ages (Surgery & Anatomy)

  • Battlefield surgeons make minor improvements


  • Use of cauteries to stop bleeding
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Renaissance (Surgery & Anatomy)

  • Improved treatment of gunshot wounds
  • Use of ligatures to stop bleeding


  • Vesalius pioneers human dissection and challenges Galen


  • Harvey discovers blood circulation


  • Use of microscopes
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19th Century (Surgery & Anatomy)

  • Chloroform used as an effective anaesthetic


  • Carbolic acid used as an effective antiseptic


  • Use of microscopes to develop detailed knowledge
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20th Century (Surgery & Anatomy)

  • Discovery of blood groups


  • Blood transfusions


  • Plastic surgery


  • Transplants


  • Keyhole and microsurgery


  • X-rays


  • Discovery of DNA
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