Structures and Bonding GCSE Chemistry Unit 2

Hiya I've made a resource for the whole bonding and structures section of C2!

Hope it is helpful!

Please comment and rate thanks :)

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Ionic Bonding

  • Between a non-metal and a metal
  • The metal loses electrons to form a positive ion. The non-metal gains electrons to become a negative ion.
  • They are in the shape of a giant lattice.
  • Held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction.
  • They have high melting and boiling points because a lot of energy is needed to break the strong forces of attraction.
  • Solid ionic compounds do not conduct electricty but they do if melted or are added to water.
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Covalent bonding

  • Atoms of two non-metals combine.
  • They share electrons to reach a stable structure (like noble gases(group 7)).
  • Covalent bonds are very strong between atoms within a molecule.
  • But weak intermolecular forces in simple molecules mean low melting and boiling points. (simple molecules have little attraction for each other).
  • They are poor conductors of electricity.
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Covalent Lattices

  • Have strong structures so melting and boiling points are high.

Examples;

Substance: Diamond(Carbon) Hardness:Very hard ( Hardest natural substance)

Substance: Graphite(Carbon) Hardness: Soft (used as lubricant)

Substance: Silicon dioxide(Sand) Hardness: Very hard

On the next three cards are diagrams of the structures of all three of the above--------------->

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Diagram of the structure of diamond

(http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_WRpeUFQtWdM/Sw_pRv7gL4I/AAAAAAAAAHc/Bnpx2QFKAyk/s400/fgdfgsfg.gif)

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Diagram of the structure of graphite

Graphite is arranged in layers.

(http://www.nano-enhanced-wholesale-technologies.com/images/structure-graphite.gif)

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Diagram of the structure of silicon dioxide

(http://alevelchem.com/img/silicondioxide.gif)

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Bonding in metals

  • Atoms in a metallic element are all the same size.
  • Form giant structures in which layers of atoms are arraged in regular patterns.
  • Held together by electrostatic forces.
  • When metal atoms pack together the electrons in the highest energy level (outer shell electrons) delocalise and move from one atom to another. These electrons attract the positive ions and hold the structure together.
  • Can conduct both heat and eletricity because of the free moving electrons.
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Comments

Pearl Alexus

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this was really helpful,

just a tiny little thing-the noble gases are in group 8

think you accidentally wrote 7

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