Structure of an epithelial cell

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  • Created by: maddy8488
  • Created on: 18-02-15 12:00

Nucleus

Contains the organisms hereditary material and controls the cells activities.

Between 10 and 20 micrometers in diameter.

Made of a number of parts:

  • nuclear envelope- double membrane surrounds the nucleus
  • nuclear pores- allow the passage of large molecules
  • nucleoplasm- granular jelly like material that makes up most of the nucleus
  • chromatin- the DNA found within the nucleoplasm
  • nucleolus- maufactures RNA and assembles ribosomes
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Mitrochondrion

 1 to 10 micrometers in length

made up of:

  • double membrane- surrounds organelle
  • cristae- shelf like extensions of the inner membrane, this increases the surface area for the attachment of enzymes
  • matrix- makes up the remainder of the mitrochondrion containing protein, lipids and DNA that allows the mitrochondria to control the production of it's own protiens
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Endoplasmic Reticulum

three-dimensional system of sheet like membrane spreding through the cytoplasm of the cell

Rough ER

Ribosomes on it's surface

fuctions:

  • provide a large surface area for the synthesis of proteins and glycoporoteins
  • provide a pathway for transport of materials

Smooth ER

doesn't have ribosomes on it's surface

functions:

  • synthesise, store and transport lipids
  • synthesise, store and trannsport carbohydrates
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Golgi Apparatus

Consists of a stack of membrane called cisternae

has small hollow structures called vesicles

functions:

  • add carbohydrate to porteins to form glycoproteins
  • produce secretory enzymes, such as those secreted by the pancreas
  • secrete carbohydrates, such as those used in making cell walls
  • transport, modify and store lipids
  • form lysosomes
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