Specialized Cells - Biology

SPERM CELL 

• Function : To carry male genetic information to the ovum and cause fertilization. 

• Only contains half DNA information so that fusion between the gametes creates a full set of chromosomes. 

Structure:

• Tail : allows faster movement and is streamline. 
• Nucleus : contains male's genetic information. 
• Lots of Mitochondria : provides extra energy so sperm can swim faster. 
• Acrosome (head) : to dissolve the egg cell, and allows the egg and sperm cell to fuse. 

EGG CELL 

• Function : Hold mothers genetic information and once fertilized divides ad dives to from a baby. 

• Largest cell in the body.

Structure:

• Size : Contains lots of cytoplasm - food store to provide energy and food for growing embryo. 
• Nucleus : contains female's genetic information. 

CILIATED EPITHELIAL CELL 

• Function : To move liquids or small particles. 

• They are found in the wind pipe and lungs.  Mucus in the air passages traps dirt and bacteria.  Cilia moves the mucus to the back of the throat.

Structure:

• Many Cilia : Cilia beat together to move the liquid or particles. 
• Lots of Mitochondria : energy is needed to keep the cilia beating.  

RED BLOOD CELL 

• Function : To transport oxygen around the body.

Structure:

• Full of Haemoglobin : It binds to oxygen allowing the oxygen to be transported. 
• No Nucleus : More room for haemoglobin - more oxygen. 
• Bi-Concave : Larger surface area, oxygen can diffuse (move in and out) of the cell faster. 

MUSCLE CELL 

• Function : To contract and cause movement in the body. 

• Works antagonist - in pairs. 

Structure:

• Lots of Mitochondria : Allows more (aerobic) respiration so more energy can be used for contraction. 
• Protein Filaments :  They pull together, making the cell shorter and therefore making the muscle shorter - contracting.