Specialised Cells

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  • Created by: Lucy S
  • Created on: 31-03-13 15:45

Red Blood Cells

FUNCTION:

Contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen to cells.

ADAPTATIONS: 

  • No nucleus. - so whole cell is full of haemoglobin.
  • Biconcave shape. - flexible to squeeze through small capillaries.
  • Large surface area. - allows more oxygen to be absorbed efficiently.
  • Thin outer membrane. - lets oxygen diffuse through easily.
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Nerve Cell (Neurone)

FUNCTION:

Transmit & store information.

ADAPTATIONS:

  • Long. - to extend from where they located to where they transmit information to.
  • Axon surrounded by myelin sheath. - insulates the cell and speeds up the transmission of information.
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White Blood Cells

FUNCTION:

Engulf & destroy bacteria/Fight disease.

ADAPTATIONS:

  • Cytoplasm can flow. - so cell can change shape, surround and engulf bacteria.
  • Can change shape. - to squeeze out of blood vessels & get to location of infection.
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Ciliated Windpipe Cells

FUNCTION:

Keep trachea clear of dust etc.

ADAPTATIONS: 

  • Tiny hairs that move from side to side. - move dust/dirt to back of throat to be swallowed.
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Sperm Cell

FUNCTION:

Fertilise egg cells.

ADAPTATIONS:

  • Middle section packed with mitochondria. - provides energy to reach the egg cell.
  • Powerful tail. - to help swim to the egg cell. 
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Root Hair Cells

FUNCTION:

Absorb water & mineral ions from the soil.

ADAPTATIONS:

  • Large surface area. - enables cell to efficiently absorb water & mineral ions.
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Xylem Vessels

FUNCTION:

Carry water & mineral ions up stem.

ADAPTATIONS:

  • Hollow. - to carry the water & mineral ions.
  • Narrow. - easier for the water to be transported upwards.
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Palisade Cell (Leaf Cell)

FUNCTION:

Absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

ADAPTATIONS:

  • Packed chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll. - to capture light energy. 
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