specialised cells

?

palisade leaf cell

adapted for photo synthesis 

packed with choropasts

more of them are crammed into the top of the cell so they are nearer the light 

tall shape so they have a lot of surface area but exposed down the side to absorb CO2 from the air in the leaf

thin shappe means you can cram loads of them at the top of the leaf.

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guard cells

open and clost pores 

special kidney shape which opens and closes the somata 

when a plant has lots of water the guard cells go plump and turgid opening the stomata for gas exchange for photosynthesis

when the plant has little water the guard cells go flaccid and close the stomata stoping water vapour from escaping.

they are also sensitive to light and close during the night (no sunlight for photosynthesis and therefore no need for gas exchange)

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Red blood cells

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Red blood cells

red blood cells are adapted to carry oxygen, their concaved shape gives a big surface area for absorbing oxygen it also helps pass smoothly through capileries to reach body cells.

they are packed with haemaglobin ( the pigment that absorbs oxygen) they have no nucleus which leaves room for  more haemoglobin they are a very important part of the blood.

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gametes

egg

the main fuction of an egg cell is to carry the female DNA and to nourish the developing embryo in th early stages, the egg contains huge food reserves to feed the embryo 

when sperm fuses with an egg the egg imediately changes its surface to stop more sperm getting in, thus makes the offspring have the correct amount of DNA they need.

sperm

the sperm has a long tail and a streamline head to help it swim to the egg there are a lot of mitochondria in the cell to produce energy needed 

they contain enzymes in their heads to digest through the eggs membrane

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