Special dietary groups

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  • Created by: ZR1
  • Created on: 27-04-17 11:35

Lacto-ovo Vegetarians

Foods that can be eaten:

  • Dairy products e.g milk, cheese, yougurt, cream, butter
  • Eggs
  • All plant foods e.g fruits, vegetables

Foods to avoid:

  • Any animal  food where the animal was killed to produce it
  • Includes fish and shellfish
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Lacto Vegetarians

Foods that can be eaten:

  • Dairy products e.g milk, cheese, yougurt, cream, butter
  • All plant foods e.g nuts, seeds

Foods to avoid:

  • Eggs
  • Any animal food where the animal was killed to produce it
  • Includes fish and shellfish
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Vegans

Foods that can be eaten:

  • Plant foods only
  • Including some products made from plants e.g soya, milk, tofu

Foods to avoid:

  • All animal products even if the animal was not killed to produce it
  • Includes fish and shellfish
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Lactose Intolerant

Dietary needs:

  • Cannot digest lactose
  • Bacteria in intestines break down lactose
  • Causes abdominal pain, diarrhoea, flatulence, and nausea

Foods that can be eaten:

  • Any food that doesn't contain lactose
  • Check food labels

Foods to avoid:

  • Milk and milk products
  • Any food that contains lactose
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Coeliac

Dietary needs:

  • Cannot digest and absorb gluten in small intestine
  • It causes the lining of their small intestine to become damaged
  • Until they are diagnosed they will suffer from weight loss and nutrient deficiencies e.g anaemia, poor growth in children because they cannot absorb other nutrients

Foods that can be eaten:

  • Any food that dosen't conatin wheat, barley, oats and rye e.g rice and rice products, soya flour, corn

Foods to avoid:

  • All wheat and wheat products e.g breads, cakes, biscuits, pastries
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A high-fibre diet

Dietary needs:

  • Some people need to increase their dietary fibre intake
  • To avoid developing probelms in digestive system:
  • Constipation, diverticula disease (a painful condition that affects the lining of intestines), cancer of the colon or rectum

Foods that can be eaten:

  • Fresh, whole foods that have had little processing e.g fresh fruits/vegetables, wholemeal cereals and cereal products

Foods to avoid:

  • Refined and processed foods that have had most of their fibre removed e.g white flour and products made from it
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A low-sugar diet

Dietary needs:

  • Some people need to reduce their sugar intake because they have Type 2 diabetes
  • Trying to reduce their energy intake
  • To prevent tooth decay

Foods that can be eaten:

  • Sweet foods that contain mainly natural intrinsic sugars e.g fresh fruits and vegetables
  • Extrinsic milk sugars in milk and mik products

Foods to avoid:

  • Foods that have been sweetened with free sugars e.g breakfast cereals, soft drinks, desserts, cakes , biscuits
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A fat-reduced diet

Dietary needs:

  • Some people need a fat-reduced diet 
  • To reduce the energy density of their diet or have CHD

Foods that can be eaten:

  • Naturally low-fat foods e.g fruits and vegetables, cereals, white fish
  • Fat reduced version of foods e.g milk, cheeses

Foods to avoid:

  • Full-fat versions of dairy foods
  • Foods containing invisible fats e.g pastries, meat products, fried snack foods
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A low-salt diet

Dietary needs:

  • Some people need a low salt diet if they have high blood pressure
  • Even if there is a chance they may develop it 

Foods that can be eaten:

  • Naturally low salt foods e.g fruits, vegetables, milk, eggs

Foods to avoid:

  • Foods that have been preserved/ flavoured with salt e.g yeast extract, cheese, dried fish, fast foods, fried snacks
  • Foods that contain monosodium glutamate
  • Foods that have baking powder e.g cakes, biscuits, scones
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