Smoking + Diseases Smoking and Diseases 3.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? BiologyHealth, illness and diseaseAS Created by: Elizabeth HampsonCreated on: 26-03-12 17:00 Atherscleosis damage occurs to artery linings so WBCs move into area WBCs, lipids and connective tissue and harden to form a fibrous plaque called an atheroma partially blocks the artery restrciting blood flow atherosclerosis is the hardening of arteries due to atheromas nicotine increases blood pressure causing damage to arteries and leads to more atheromas 1 of 6 Coronary Heart Disease coronary arteries have many atheromas restricting blood flow to heart reduction in amount of oxygen causing angina (pain) or heart attack carbon monoxide irreversibly combines with haemoglobin reducing oxygen transportation to heart nocotine makes platelets sticky increasing chance of blood clots clotting in coronary arteries can cause a heart attack atheromas increases risk blood clots 2 of 6 Stroke stroke is a rapid loss of brain function due to disruption in blood supply to brain this can be caused by a blood clot in an artery leading to the brain reducing blood and therefore oxygen supply nicotine increases clots forming carbon monoxide increases the risk of stroke because it reduces the amount of oxygen available to the brain by combining with haeomoglobin 3 of 6 Lung Cancer carcinogens in cigarette smoke cause mutations in the DNA of lung cells could lead to uncontrolled cell growth and formation of a malignant tumour these grow uncontrollably blocking the air flow to the lungs decreases gas exchange + leads to a shortness of breath tumour uses lots of nutrients and energy to grow causing weight loss 4 of 6 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Chromic Bronchitis is a type of COPD (a group of diseases that involve permanent airflow reduction) inflammation of lungs smoke damages cilia and causes goblet cells to produce more mucus mucus accumulates in lungs causing increased coughing microorganisms multiply in mucus and cause lung infection leading to inflammation and decreases gaseous exchange 5 of 6 Emphysema lung disease caused by smoking or exposure to air pollution as particles become trapped in the alveoli inflammation encourages phagocytes to the area which produce an enzyme that breaks down elastin alveolar walls are destroyed and elasticity of lungs is lost surface area of alveoli is reduced so rate of gaseous exchange decreases symptoms include: shortness of breath, wheezing, increased breathing rate 6 of 6
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