Simple inheritance in plants and animals

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Cell division and growth:

  • mitosis- two identical cells being produced from the orginal cell
  • the chromosomes contain the genes which must be passsed to each new cell
  • at first, plant and animal cells are unspecialised and they are called stem cells
  • cells divide to form two daughter cells. each nucleus contains four chromosomes.

gametes--> sex cells that are produced by meiosis

in humans, the gametes are the sperm and the ova

sexual reproduction results in variation .

Meiosis-

before divison, a copy of each chromosome is made

the cell divides twice to form 4 gametes

each gamete has a single set of chromosomes each with a different combination of genes.

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Stem cells:

  • unspecialised cells
  • found in the human embryo and bone marrow
  • stem cells change into all the different types of body cells
  • stem cells can be used to cure some diseases
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