Significant people and their contributions

-Argued doctors should be highly trained and should keep advancing their own knowledge by studying medical books

-In his book 'The Virtuous Life' he criticised Greek thinkers such as Galen, claiming their ideas were inaccurate before people were prepared to question his ideas

-First written account that describes the symptoms of smallpox and its cause 

-Stressed the need for careful observation of the patient

-Wrote over 150 books

-Distinguished smallpox and measles for the first time

-Used catgut for internal stiching because it would dissolve over time and lower the risk of infection

-Developed a process for testing new medicines 

-His book 'On Surgery and Instruments' described which surgical tools were best for the job and used illustrated diagrams showing how to use them

-Wrote 'Kitab al-Tasrif'. It was a 30 volume encyclopoedia which included sections on surgery, medicine and nutrition

-Introduced 200 surgical instruments

-Considered the greatest surgeon to have worked in the Islamic world

-Influeced by Galen's theory of opposites

-Wrote the 'Canon of Medicine' which described the symptoms and spread of contagious diseases. It became a standard text in universities and was translated into Latin so it could be used by European physicians. Mentioned anorexia/obesity

-Saved a lot of lost medical knowledge by translating works into Arabic and passing them onto Western Europe

-Salernitian surgeon (Italian surgeon)

-First writer on surgery in Italy

-Work was used in universities

-Wrote about brief treatments for each illness/wound

-Were noted for their use of wine as an antiseptic

-Aware pus was not a healthy sign

-Often criticised accepted methods

-Italian physician, anatomist, professor of surgery

-Wrote 'Anathomia' which is considered the first anatomical text

-Argued dissection methods should be applied to simple structures (bones, muscles, veins) instead of complex parts

-First to add anatomy to the medical curriculum

-French physician/surgeon

-Treated plague patients and documented symptoms

-Distinguised the types of plague (bubonic plague and pneumonic plague)

-Believed pus was beneficial to the healing process 

-Wrote 'Chirurgia Magna' which was greatly influential on surgery 

-English surgeon

-Considered one of the fathers of surgery

-Recommended opium as an anaesthetic

-Created an ointment for arrow wounds

-Charged rich men as much as he could but didnt charge the poor

-Active in the military