section 3 peace and conflict year 10 units

Different UN agencies :

WTO-responsibility for regulating trade ensuring standards in business

UNICEF-responsibility for the rights and wellbeing of children

SECURITY COUNCIL-responsible for peace keeping responding to war negotiatingect

UNESCO-responsible for science and education/culture

Why does the UN require different agencies?

Un is a world organisation-covers every aspect of life therfore needs agencies to cover such diversity 

Allows specialisation within the un which makes their work more effective

Analagy of a school-each department is a specialist branch but they have a common goaljust different focuses 

How does Un work for world peace?

Helps countries develop ecenomically scientifically and medically ect in the hope that a flourishing country will not feel the need for conflict

Involved in arms control and disarment reducing weapons which reduces conflict

peace talks and negotiation trying to prevent conflict or reduce the scale of conflict

peacekeeping forces to protect civilians and distribute aid 

yes:

-Un has negotiated several treaties which have ended or prevented conflict from starting in the first place

-2 in every 3 peacekeeping attempts have been succesful 

-Human rights abuses have been challenged

-It has succesfully brought about changes against war criminals 

No:

-1in every 3 peacekeeping attempts fails 

-Hotel Rwanda -Un were powerless and didnt stop the masacres as they werent allowed to use force and the Hutus knew this(spectacular failiures)

-Un couldnt stop masacres in Bosnia in the 1990s 

-There are wars all over the world and there hasnt been an end to conflict since the Un began in 1945

INDIVIDUAL ACTION-"christians are in the world to change it"micheal keene we should do whatever we can to keep peace and should focus on peace education by becoming meditators in the field of conflict resoloution 

PRAYER-"To be a christian without prayer is like being alive without breathing"MLK Christians can pray to help stop wars attending special masses for intention of world peace 

POLITICS-many famous christians were involved in politics to try and make a difference eg MLK "meet hate with love"They may use non violent protests to emphasis the need for change regarding laws on weapons ect like MLK did 

ORGANISATIONS-pax christi works with schools and other charity groups to offer peace education,conflict resoloution and advice/resources for use within a school/youth group 

Yes:

-Mny people working together can make a difference "a group of thoughtful people can change the world indeed its the only thing that ever has"margaret mead 

-Spreading the word makes people aware once aware they can begin to act on it 

-Letter of james tells us prayer and action is powerful pax christi fufils both 

-Peaceful protests have proven very effective eg MLK it has the potential to change the world 

NO:

-Prayer is ofte unanswered how is pax christis prayers any different?

-Religious organisations dont have the power that political organisations have behind them they cant change laws

-Hving a totally pacifistic approach isnt realistic many situations in History which have required force to end conflict

-There is an apathy about many people in ,modern society they cant be bothered to react by prayers or protests 

MORAL-REFERS TO WARS THAT ARE FOUGHT TO DEFEAT EVIL OR DEFEND RIGHT EG STOPPING A DICTATOR OR DEFENDING HUMAN RIGHTS

RELIGIOUS-REFERS TO WARS BETWEEN DIFFERNT RELIGIONS OR DIFFERNT RELIGIOUS GROUPS WITHIN A RELIGION.MAY BE OVER CLASHES OF BELIEFS EG CRUSADES/PALESTINIEN /ISRALII CONFLICT

POLITICAL-REFERS TO WARS FOUGHT OVER DEIFFERNCES REGARDING HOW COUNTRIES ARE RAN EG KOREAN WAR OR A WAR TO PREVENT COMMUNISM FROM SPREADING ECT

ECENOMIC-REFERS TO WARS FOUGHT OVER RESOURCES THROUGHOUT HISTORY WARS HAVE BEEN FOUGHT OVER LAND AND OIL ECT INCLUDING THE FALKLANDS 

1)desire to stop a dictator such as saddam hussein

2)protect human rights of people targeted by husseins forces

3)desire to gain acces to the oil reserves held by IRAQ 

4)the fear iraq were developing weapons of mass destruction 

Fought in the right way

waged by a legitimate authority

intention to create peace

last resort 

Fought in right way=no WMDSno targeting civilians no torture of prisoners of war

Waged by a egitimate authority=Started by the UN 

Intention to create peace =War must not destroy a country but allow it to flourish afterwards

Last resort=all other peacful methods must have been exhausted eg negotiations 

Yes:

-jwt protects innocent civilians

-all other peceful methods must have been exhausted before hand to try and prvent the terrible effects of war that occur 

-right that UN wages war as its made up of many different countries and has an ultimate aim of creating peace so doesnt engage lightly 

-helps conditions laid out which restrict wars (how they are fought)

no:

how can we justify any war?every war is wong as it hurts people

isnt the best christian response pacifism not a just war?

"it is impossible to concieve of a just war in a nucleur age"pope john paul 2nd modern methods of warfare means its difficult to follow the Just war theory

politicians can manipulate the just war theory to justify their actions 'force of good'against 'axis of evil'when they invaded Iraq 

Pacifism response 1 :

-"those that live by the sword die by the sword"when jesus was in gethsemane he refused to fight back and prevented his disciples to 

-jesus prclaimed"blessed are the peacemakers"in the sermon on the mount suggesting a pasifist stance

-"love thy neighbour"is the greatest commandment how can you love them if your killing them?

-youve heard it said an eye for an eye but i tell you "turn the other cheek"we shouldnt fight back against aggresion 

Fight in a just war situation:

-Some wars are fought for moral reasons and therfore protect life eg prevent genocide 

-Famous saints such as st augustine developed the just war theory which allows a war to be fought in the right way for the right reasons 

-jesus proclaimed "blessed are those who hunger and thirst for what is right "in the sermon on the mount we can fight for moral reasons 

-you may have to go to war to protect a weaker country or defend human rights or prevent genocide which is an expression  of the greatest commandment 

-hebrew scriptures offer that rules must be followed at war time eg not cutting trees downif it didnt accept war there would be no rules for waging war!!!

-Jews can fight in just wars as judaism values justice and fairness and human rights this is a common theme in the hebrew phrophets "act justly ,love tenderly"

-The defining event of jewish history eg holocaust killed 6 million jews they believe its right to fight to prevemt events such as the genocide 

-in hebrew scriptures yhwh commands certain holy wars are to happen if faith is endangered milchemet mitzvah allow certain wars commanded by god 

all people made in gods image right to be treated with dignity and respect

ccc2270 and 'do not kill'both state we should protect lifeand life is holy so therefore should be respected

golden rule nobody would want to be bullied so treat others as you wish to be treated isnt in accordance with bullying

many believe greatest commandment and situaton ethics are the laws of love and bullying isnt loving 

judaism believes life is precious and bullying can lead to loss of life therfore breaks the mitzvah"do not kill"

all people are made in gods image and as such should be treated in the right way as the hebrew scriptures states (Tenakh)

"act justly love tenderly"judaism cares for the weak and vulnerable we are expected to help them not harm them phrophets spoke out against those that didnt treat others with respect or dignity 

Golden rule /"love thy neighbour"laws of love bullying isnt a just cause and so violence without a just cause is sinful

families may argue if a child is less religious than their parents /may refuse to go to church or they may even turn their back on religion may not carryout traditions like sabath if jewish

families may argue if a child wishes to convert to a different religion or if they fall in love with someone of a different religion may clash beliefs regarding weddings and bringing up children

families may argue over different moral beliefs such as sex before marraige or contraception ect this can lead to tension and conflict as the same tension may exist if they take an immoral job staring in an adult movie ect

families may argue if their child is more religious than their parents as they may wish to go to church/synagogue ect but there parents may not take them and the parents may be to liberal to fufil the sabath for example 

-what would jesus do????-jesus forgave people who killed him and therfore shows how however much we despise them we should forgive 

-jesus forgave peoples sins such as the paralysed man-shows through the sacrament of confession we can ask for his forgivness

-"i do not condem you go and sin no more"he didnt accepts the women taken in adultery but he did forgive her and gave her a 2nd chance 

-golden rule if we want to be forgiven we have to forgive others to 

golden rule and greatest commandment urge jews to forgive those around them as there both found in the tenakh also encouraged by the rabbis to forgive before they die so they can ask for gods forgivness when they die to 

they are strongly encouraged by reconciliation and forgiveness to forgive but many jews find forgiving the Nazis for the holocaust very hard however they know that holding on to such hatred and bitterness destroys lives 

jonah is angry that niveneh are about to destroy god but god makes the point that these are his people he loves them and he wants to be reconcilled with them jewish teachings should be followed and like wise they should fufil this in their own relationships 

rosh hashanah ten days after jews rflect on their sins and on relationships that have broken down lives they try to reconcile and ask god for forgivness as well as fasting also known as yom kippur