science

Desert Animals

Large surface area comapred to volume:

• Desert animals lose more body heat 

Efficient with water:

• Desert animals lose less water by producing small amounts of concentrated urine
• Sweat little

Good in hot conditions:

• Desert animals have thin layers of body fat and thin coat to help them lose body het.

Camouflage:

• A sandy colour give good camouflage -avoid predeators, or sneak up on prey.    

Arctic Animals

 small surface area compared to volume: 

•  Animals living cold conditions have a compact shape.

well insulated:

• They have thick layer of blubber for insulation- this also acts as an energy store Thick hairy coast, greasy fur sheds water.

camouflage:  

• Arctic animals have white fur to help the predators or sneak up on pery

Desert plants 

small surfaces area

• plants lose water vapour from surface of their leaves
• small surface area comapred to their size, which also reduces water lose

water storage tissues 

• eg. cacatus stores water in it thick stem

maxumising water absorption 

• some cacti have shallow but esnesive roots to absorb water quickly over a large area. others have ddeo roots to accesss underground water

Plants and animals 

There are various special features used by animals and plants to help protect them:

1. Some plants and animals have Armour- like roses (thorns) and cacti (sharp spines)

2. Others produces poisons- like bees and poison ivy

3. Some have warning colours to scare off predators - like wasps 

Microorganisms 

They have a vraiety of adaptions so trhey can live in a wide range of enviroments.

e.g some microorganism ( e.g bacteira) are known as EXTREMOPHILES- they're adapted to live in a seriously extreme conditions like super hot volcanic vents, in salty lakes or at high presure on the sea bed 

Organisms 

Organisms need things from their enviroment and from other organisms in order to survive and reproduces:

1. Plants need LIGHT,SPACE,WATER and MINERALS (nutrients) from soil

2. Animals need SPACE,FOOD,WATER and MATES

Organisms compete with other species for the same resources.

Living Factors:

1. A change in the occurrence of Infectious Diseases 

2. A change in the number of Predators 

3. A change in number of prey or availability of food sources 

4. A chnage in number or types of competitors 

Non-Living Factors:

1. A change in average temperature

2. A change in average rainfall

3. A change in the level of air or water pollution