science

1. Pooter

2. Pitfall traps

3. Nets

1. Pooter

2. Pitfall trap

3. Nets

you would record the no. of organisms of dasies in an area.

the sampling techniques may not be exactly the same and an organism may die after they have been marked.

No. keys are useful because they are more organised than spider keys. they ask the same q's as a spidre key, but in a list.

They are based on visible features or characteristics of the organism

So that thay can accrately describe them to other biologists. keys help them to identify plants and animals.

It comes from the sun

the cellulose is used for growth and other functions

1. It can be converted back into glucose for respiration

2. it is insolouble and so it will not dissolve in water and flow out of the cells

3. it doesnt affect the water concentration inside the cells.

the weather is usually warmer and there is more sunlight. light energy is needed for photosynthesis and warmth speeds up the rate of photosynthesis.

more CO2 will be emitted and it adds warmth to the greenhouse. plants grow quicker when it is warmer.

whena process is affected by several factors,the one that is at the lowest level,will be the factor that limits the ROR. 

the light is the limiting factor(there isnt a lot of it at all). the ROR of photosynthesis is slowed down because there is not much light and the temp. isnt warm at all in winter.

The outer epidermal cells are transparent to allow light through.

Chloroplasts contain the chloroplly and other pigments that absorb light energy for photosynthesis.

Van-Helmont discoverd that plants grow by absorbing water

No it doesnt reqire energy this is because the molecules move spontaneously from regions of high conc. to regions of low conc. .

The concentration outside a cell should be higher,for a molecule to diffuse into a cell.

I expect the cell lining of the gills to be thin becasue the shorter the distance the oxygen has to travel,the quicker the rate of diffusion.

The holes ar ecalled Pores.

the mass would heavier because it takes up water by osmosis and the pressure inthe sells increase. this is called turgor pressure. the cell becomes rigid or turgid.

if a cell is placed in a solution that is more dilute than its contents, it takes up water, swells, adn may burst. if it is placed into a solution with the same conc. as its contents, there is no net movement of water,so the cell remains the same.

Vascular bundles are responsible for transporting for transportation.

xylem cells are involved in transportation of water and dissolved substances through the plant.

In the root: located in the center, it helps the roots act like an anchor and allows the roots to bend as the plant moves in the breeze or is tugged from above

In the Stem: located around the outer edge of the stem,it provides the strenght to resist bending of the stem in the breeze.

Int the leaf: vascular bundle form networks,which support the softer leaf tissues

1. a waxy cuticle on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf

2. very few stomata on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf.

the root hair cells take in minerals

gardenrs want plants to grow and potassium is needed for enzymes so that you can get plants growing.

Diffusion is high conc. to a low conc.

Active transport is the opposite of this.

Active transport needs energy and Diffusion doesnt.

plants loose more water in the summer through thier leaves as the light intensity and temp. go up.

It is windy,the water particles will be lost faster.

it increasaes the humidity so that the plant dose not loose water and wilt. also its so that they stay turgid

the elements (once decayed) go back into the environment for plants to reuse. Bacteria is a chemical decomposer which releases ammonium compounds into the soil.

he could gather waste such as grass cuttings,leaves and twigs and piling them up or putting them into a compost bin,to allow themm to decay. the result is a nutrient rich soil, which can be used for growing plants.

a saprophyte feeds by releasing enzymes onto the dead plant or animal. whereas Detritvores eat small parts of the dead material,which are digested ten relesed as waste. saprohytes digest material in a process called EXTRACELLULAR digestion.

1. Canning

2. Cooling

3. Freezing

4. Drying

5. Adding salt

6. Adding sugar

7.Adding vineger

the food which has been canned still has water in it,so it means that the food still contains decomposing microbes, so therefore it would decay quicker than jam.

the reproduction of decomposres is slowed down, this means that decomposing microbes are still entering the food, however the temp. of 4oc slows down the rate of decay.

adding sugar is similar to preserving food with salt because osmosis occurs in both methods, water is drawn out of the food

herbicides kill weeds that might compete with the crop for resourcese such as light water and soil minerals.

they can easily enter and build up or accumilate in the food chain, this can directly affect human health.

the advantage to the farmer is that the aniamls cannot move around as much and ar ekept warmer, which stops them wasting energy. however the disadvantages are that it is less humane and the animals cannot move around freely. also their behaviour changes as a result.

farmers can manipulate the environment and grow tender crops all year round.

pesticides and fertilisers are contained inside, so they do not escape into the natural environment

it doesnt require the use of any soil at all and the minerals needed by the plant would be sprayed on the roots exposed. a solution containing the correct conc. of minerals dissolved into water is sprayed.

1. Artificial fertilisera

2. herbicides

there are no chemicals to escape into the enviroment and damge or kill other animals. also there si no need for chemicals to be used.

they control weeds by covering the soil with plastic sheeting to prevent weeds from growing.

the farmers produce smaller amounts of healthy good quaility food. they also need to make a profit and they do not use artificial fertilsers, they only use natural ones such a smanure.etc.

the predator might not eat the pest and it may eat other useful species. also adding or removing organisms from a food web may have an impact on it.