Schizophrenia

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  • Created by: Jade19
  • Created on: 14-06-17 22:57

Diagnoses and classification

  • DSM-5
  • ICD-10
  • Positive
  • Hallucinations and delusions
  • Negative
  • Aviolition and speech production
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Diagnoses and classification - Evaluation

  • Reliabilty
  • Validity
  • Co-morbidity
  • Symptom overlap
  • Gender Bias
  • Cultural Bias
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Biological Explanations

  • Schizophrenia runs in families
  • Candidate genes
  • The dopamine hypothesis
  • Hyperdopimergia in the subcortex
  • Hypodominergia in the cortex
  • Neural correlates of negative symptoms
  • Neural correlates in positive symptoms
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Biological Explanations -Evaluation

  • Multiple sources of evidence for genetic succeptibility
  • Mixed evidence for dopamine hypothesis
  • The correlation-causation problem
  • The role of mutuation
  • The role of the psychological environment is important but unclear
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Psychological Explanations

  • The schizophrengenic mother
  • Double-bind theory
  • Expressed emotion
  • Metarepresentation
  • Central control
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Psychological Explanations - Evaluation

  • Support for family dysfunation as a risk factor 
  • Weak evidence for familt based explanations
  • Strong evidence for dysfunctional information processing
  • Evidence for biological factors is not adequetly considered
  • Direction of casuality
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Biological therapies

  • Typical antipsychotics
  • Chlorpromazine
  • Atyical Antipsychotics
  • Clozapine
  • Risperidone
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Biological therapies - Evaluation

  • Evidence for effectiveness
  • Serious side effects
  • Use of antipsychotics depends on the dopamine hypothesis
  • Problems with evidence for effectiveness
  • The chemical cosh argument
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Psychological therapies

  • CBT
  • Turkington et al
  • Family therapy
  • Token economies
  • Tokens and rewards
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Psychological therapies - Evaluation

  • Evidence for effectiveness
  • Treatments improve quality of life but do not cure
  • Ethical Issues
  • Quality of the evidence for effectiveness
  • Alternative psychological treatments
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The interactionist approach

  • Meehl's model
  • The modern understanding of diathesis
  • The modern understanding of stress
  • Treatment 
  • Drug therapies and CBT
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The interactionist approach - Evaluation

  • Evidence for the role of vunerability and triggers
  • The orginal diathesis-stress model is over-simple
  • Support for the effectiveness of combinations of treatments
  • We don't know exactly ho diathesis and stress work
  • The treatment-causation fallacy
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