Scale Of Production

• single
• custom made products requiring skilled, specialist craft people

EG: vinyl graphics for signs & tansport livery, architectural models, movie props, posters

ADVANTAGES:

• can be made to exact specifications
• low tooling costs
• design can be changed easily

DISADVANTAGES:

• slow
• labour intensive
• skilled, specialists craftspeople often required
• expensive materials & processes often used

• products produced in specified quantities
• production runs can be large or small
• companies can switch production to different products

EG: stationary, business cards, leaflets, brochurs, posters, postures, point of sale displays, promotional packaging

ADVANTAGES:

• flexible systems can be changed to produce different products easily
• rapid response to changes in customwer needs
• east to change size of bathces
• possible to adapt processes between bathces
• bulk buying of raw materials at lower cost
  

DISADVANTAGES:

• advantages enjoyed by volume manufacture are sacrificed in order to achieve flexibility which leads to a slower, more expensive process & product

• large numbers of products are produced on a production line making use of faster, more automated manufacturing processes & a largely unskilled workforce

EG: standard plastic bottles & containers, standard card & paper products

ADVANTAGES:

• less labour & more automation lead to higher efficiency
• work can be divided into simple, repetitive tast suitable for cheap unskilled labour
• bulk buying of raw materials at lower prices
• all above lead to lower unit costs & a cheaper product

DISADVANTAGES:

• very expensive to purchase & set up specialised machinery
• difficult to make big changes during production
• social issues due to fewer jobs created & relience on unskilled labour performing boring, repetitive tasks

• where identical products produced continuosly, in large quantities, along production lines which can work non-stop

EG: pharmaceutical products & packaging, aluminium cans, plastic bags

ADVANTAGES:

• shares the advantages og high colume production, rapid non-stop production makes optimum use of capital investment

DISADVANTAGES:

• shares disadvantages of high volume production
• difficult to maintain machinery