Safety in physical activity

Warm Up: activities to mobilise the joints gradually raise the pulse and slowly stretch the muscles to be used in the activity

Main Activity: the exercised need to be specific to the training requirements of the individual or group e.g. a gymnast will work on flexibility; a footballer on aerobic fitness; a weighlifter on muscular strength

Warm Down: activities to decrease the pulse rate and stretch muscles, helps prevent injuries, cramp or soreness (remember built up latic acid)

Purpose of Warm-Up

• Prepare the body for exercise 
• Maximise performance
• Prevent injury

Physiologocal Processes

• Body temperature increase
• Muscle temperature and flexibility increase
• Heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output
• Cellular respiration increase
• Increase in respiration and metabolic rate
• Redistribution of blood from inactive to active tissue
• Dilation of blood vessels as blood flow increases 
• Increase in gaseous exchange between blood and tissues
• Ventilation increase (breathing rate)

• Decrease the pulse rate heart rate slowly
• Stretch muscles - preventing damage strains/tears/injuries
• Helps prevent injuries, cramp (latic acid) or soreness/stiffness/pain
• Prevents/reduce dizziness/fainting
• Allows mental relaxation
• Helps to clear lactic acid 

During exercise blood vessels and capillaries taking blood to muscle dilate - after exercise cardiac output begins to drop, yet vessels are still dilated. This causes a temperature drop in blood pressure - insufficient blood to the brain

Gives time for blood vessesl to contract, while maintaining blood pressure

Wearing appropriate clothing:

• Comfort
• Regulate body temperature
• Greater range of movement
• Safety and injury

Medical Advice  - GP

• If have a specific health condition i.e. heart problems diabetes, asthma
• Determine the level a person can start at, you wouldn't give a very unfit person a high level of demnad to start with
• Medical check is a useful precaution
• Drinking water

• avoid dehydration/stay hydrated 

• essential for chemical reactions 

• lubricant for joints and cells 

• helps to regulate body temperature 

• improve quality of workout/exercise/optimal performance 

• reduce fatigue 

• reduce recovery time 

• transports nutrients/aids the digestion process to give you energy