Russia Industry & Agriculture 1917-85: Key Facts

• State Capitalism run by Vesenkha - unpopular
• Land reform - popular with peasants

War Communism 1918-21:

• labour discipline
• food dictatorship (grain requisitioning, rations)
• abolition of the market

New Economic Policy 1921:

• agricultural production --> free market
• grain requisitioning --> tax in kind
• small factories denationalised
• large factories nationalised
• reintroduced money - stable currency

First 5yr Plan 1928-32:

• ambitious & unrealistic
• command economy
• produced oil, coal, steel, iron factories

Second 5yr Plan 1933-37:

• more realistic
• electricity expanded, metallurgy, chemical industries, transport, communications
• 1934-36 = 3 good years, families more disposable income & no rations

Third 5yr Plan 1938-41:

• heavy industries & armaments grew
• fuel crisis
• shortage of raw materials & personnel

Collectivisation:

• 1927 - grain procurement crisis
• 1929 - mass collectivisation to liquidate the kulaks as a class
• Twenty-five thousanders to implement collectivisaton
• 1930 - 'Dizzy with Success' --> halt to collectivisation
• 1931 - 2nd wave, unrealistic targets = famine, 10mill died

Grain production: 1928 = 73mill tonnes --> 1934 = 68mill tonnes

Fourth 5yr Plan 1945-50:

• 88% investment to industry increases output by 80%
• 1/4 budget to military spending
• x2 consumer goods
• low wages so women work

• cuts to military spending
• increase in consumer goods, fertiliser, synthetic fibre but all fail to meet targets
• splits party

Seven Year Plan 1959:

• light industry
• thin sheet material to heavy
• unafforadable for consumers

Virgin Land Scheme 1953:

• unfarmed lands into farms
• greater food availability = increases standard of living
• labour intensive & expensive
• inadequate storage facilities & no machinery

Kosygin Reforms 1968:

• cut investment from collective farms to light industry
• power over production to factory managers
• authority returned to central planners

Developed Socialism:

• job security & low prices

Andropov's Reforms 1982:

• anti-corruption campaign
• anti-alcohol campaign
• operation trawl by KGB