Rio 2.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? GeographyRioGCSEAQA Created by: GracieeeeeeCreated on: 02-06-18 15:49 Environmental challenges in Rio AIR POLLUTION: traffic congestion- most congested city in South America which increases stress and pollution Lots of steep mountains - main roads on costal lowlands become congested SOLUTION: new toll roads in the city to reduce congestion making coastal roads one-way in rush hour to improve traffic flow WATER POLLUTION: rivers polluted by run-off from open sewers in the favelas 50 tonnes of industrial waste enters the bay each day SOLUTION: 12 new sewage networks ships fined for discharging fuel into the bay illegally WASTE POLLUTION: favelas are built on steep slopes so they have no lorries, so it is dumped in the river-cholera SOLUTION: power plant set up using methane from rotting rubbish, and this provides enough energy for 1000 homes 1 of 6 Rochina It is the largest favela in Rio built on steep hillsides looking over Ipanema and Copacabana IMPROVEMENTS: schools health facilities retail facilities including food and clothes shops 90% houses are made from brick and have electricity 2 of 6 The challenges of squatter settlements CONSTRUCTION: limited road access unstable, so heavy rain results in landslides SERVICES: sewers are open drains homes use illegal connections to electricity pylons UNEMPLOYMENT: unemployment rate in the favelas is 20% most employment is poorly paid, with irregular jobs in the informal sector CRIME: murder rate of 20/1000 drug gangs dominate many favelas HEALTH: some infant mortaility rates are as high as 50/1000 waste can't be disposed of, so it builds up in the streets increasing the danger of disease 3 of 6 Improving the favelas Rehousing people from favelas in basic housing Forced eviction from favelas to clear land for development Developing rural areas to encorage people to live there Raising taxes on the rich to help house the poor Developing cultural activities for youths to prevent them getting involved in crime 4 of 6 Favela Bairro project (an example of urban plannin IMPROVING LIFE: Site and Service scheme - authorities provide land and services for residents to build homes e.g. Complexo de Alemao paved and formally named roads access to water supply and drainage system (sanitation) hillsides secured and people relocated (landlsides) health, leisure and education facilities built cable car installed to Ipanema (one free return ticket per day) access to credit to allow inhabitants to buy materials for their homes 100% mortgages available to buy homes UPPs set up with police patrolling the comminity to reduce crime SUCCESS - quality of life, mobility and employment prospects have improved also used for other Brazilian cities FAILURE - budget ($1 million USD) may not cover all favelas new infrastructure not maintained - residents do not have the skills to repair it training required to improve literacy and employment rent has increased - the poor are even more worse off 5 of 6 RIO DE JANEIRO (a case study of a major city in an RIO DE JANEIRO 6 of 6
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