Religious Studies (Life issues)

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RELIGION

AND

LIFE ISSUES

• Religion and Animal Rights
• Religion and Planet Earth
• Religion and Prejudice
• Religion and Early Life

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KEY DEFINITIONS

Key definitions, words the examiner will love.

STEWARDSHIP God made the Earth and gave it to 'Adam' to look after. Christians have a DUTY to look after God's creation.

AUTONOMOUS The ability to think for one's self. Have morals and self conscience. Animals and small children are not autonomous.

PREJUDICE Having a pre-conceived judgement on someone before the full facts are known about them.

ABORTION Intentionally terminating a pregnancy

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Religion

and

Animal Rights

• Animal Rights?
• Christian Beliefs about Animals
• Christians and Eating meat
• Uses of Animals 

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KEY DEFINITIONS

Key definitions, words the examiner will love.

VEGETARIAN Someone who does not eat meat

VEGAN Someone who eats no animal products

STEWARDSHIP God made the Earth and gave it to 'Adam' to look after. Christians have a DUTY to look after God's creation.

BATTERY FARMING Farming where animals are kept in small cages and cannot roam freely.

FREE-RANGE FARMING Farming where the animals can roam freely.

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ANIMAL RIGHTS?

No: 

• 'God made Adam dominant' this means man is superior over the animals
• Humans are more intelligent. Humans are AUTONOMOUS.
• 'Adam' Was made in God's Image. This means that we have a soul and animals do not.

Yes:

• The bible says 'A good man cares for his animals'
• 'Jesus said God even cares about the sparrows' this means God created everything and he cares and loves everything equally.
• STEWARDSHIP
• Young children and some Disabled People are not AUTONOMOUS but they still have right, this should apply to animals.

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CHRISTIAN BELIEFS

• God made the world and gave humans dominion over it.
• Animals are part of creation and deserve respect and protection
• Jesus said God even cares about the sparrows.
• The Earth and everything in it is the Lord's (Genesis)

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   EATING MEAT

Why Christians DO eat meat:

• Source of protein
• 'Only a weak man does not eat meat'
• God gave Adam dominance and gave him permission to eat the animals.

Why Christians DON'T eat meat:

• Don't like the taste
• Think it's cruel
• Think it may have health obligations

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USES OF ANIMALS

COMPANIONSHIP

EDUCATION

ENTERTAINMENT

BREEDING PROGRAMMES

FOOD

FUR

SPORT

FARMS 

WORK ANIMALS

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RELIGION

AND

PLANET EARTH

• The Origins of Life
• Christian Reasons to look after the world (protect it from things)

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KEY DEFINITIONS

Key definitions, words the examiner will love.

CONSERVATION preserving the natural environment

GLOBAL WARMING The heating up of the Earth's atmosphere

EARTH SUMMIT a meeting between countries to decide how to protect the planet

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT project developments which meet the needs of today without compromising the needs of future generations

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The Origin of Life

Christians Believe in creation. That God created the world in 6 days. 

On the 7th day he rested.

Scientists believe in The Big Bang Theory

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Christian Reasons to look after the world 

Why Christians SHOULD:

• STEWARDSHIP
• Sustainability, so there's a planet for our Children
• It's an act of worship to look after God's world
• Global warming harms people 'LOVE THY NEIGHBOUR'

Why Christians SHOULDN'T:

• They can't do it alone- everyone needs to help
• God gave the Earth to Humans to 'rule over every living creature' so they can do what they like.

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Religion

and

Prejudice

• Types of Prejudice
• Causes and Origins of Prejudice
• Results of Prejudice
• Positive Discrimination
• Christian attitudes to prejudice and discrimination
• Dr Martin Luther-King Jr (a religious believer who has fought against discrimination)

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KEY DEFINITIONS

Key definitions, words the examiner will love.

PREJUDICE a pre-convieved judgement or opinion on someone before the full facts about them are known

DISCRIMINATION putting prejudiced thoughts into action

RACISM Discrimination against someone because of their race (skin colour)

SEXISM discrimination on the grounds of being male or female

AGEISM discrimination on the grounds of age

HOMOPHOBIA discrimination on sexuality (gay or lesbian)

POSITIVE DISCRIMINATION discrimination that is positive for the victim i.e disabled parking

RELIGIOUS PREJUDICE prejudice on the grounds of faith or belief which can lead to discrimination

STEREOTYPE Over simplified mental image applied to everyone in a group 

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Types of Prejudice

Racism; calling someone offensive names because of the colour of their skin e.g. South Africa or North America segregation laws.   

Sexism; refusing someone a job because they are female e.g. women can't be Catholic priests because St Paul said they can't talk in church

Ageism; not listening to someone because of their age 

Homophobia; attacking someone due to their sexuality

Religious Prejudice;  killing someone because they believe something different to you e.g. the Holocaust

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Causes of Prejudice

• Upbringing- parent's attitudes to a certain group are taught to their children
• Bad Experience- one person from a group harming you so you presume all are like them
• Media- biased coverage of events, people believe what they read without further thought or research
• Ignorance (lack of education) 
• Scapegoating e.g. Hitler blaming the Jews for the Economic problems in Germany before WW1

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Results of Prejudice

• RELIGIOUS PREJUDICE The Holocaust in WW2 and Bosnia Can lead to Terrorism; 9/11 7/7 Twin Towers
• PREJUDICE causes great harm and the Death of Millions; Holocaust, Rwanda, Bosnia and the I.R.A
• RACISM White and Black segregation in the U.S.A and South Africa. Ethnic cleansing and Genocide.
• SEXISM Women cannot be Catholic priests because St Paul said they cannot speak in Church. Also, when they preach they are believed to become Jesus this is a conflict of interest.

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Positive Discrimination

• Anglican Church employing more homosexual priests

• Disabled Parking Spaces

• Policing hiring more members of different ethnic groups over whites for a fair representation of a community.

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Christian Attitudes to Discrimination

• 'Love thy neighbour'- the good Samaritan helped someone even though they were different to him. Christians should follow in his footsteps.
• God created Everyone therefor everyone is equal
• The Golden Rule -Treat others as you wish to be treated
• Jesus said 'Turn the other cheek' ignore those who try to make you a victim.

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Dr Martin Luther-King Jr

• He was a Baptist
• Leader of the U.S civil rights movement
• Used political speeches, boycotts and marches PEACEFUL
• He was a Christian and believed that God created us all equally
• He was assassinated but still gained almost complete equal rights for black people.

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Religion

and

Early Life

• Issues about when life begins
• Rights of those involved
• Pro-life
• Pro-choice
• The law
• Christian attitudes (for and against abortion)

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KEY DEFINITIONS

Key definitions, words the examiner will love.

CONCEPTION Where sperm meets egg and fertilizes it

ABORTION The intended termination of a pregnancy

MISCARRIAGE The non-intended termination of a pregnancy

QUALITY OF LIFE How good a life will be compared to death

SANCTITY OF LIFE Life is precious

PROLIFE Against abortion, believing it murder (most Christians)

PROCHOICE F or the mother to have a choice

ADOPTION To legally raise a child that is not biologically your own

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When does life begin?

• Conception- the fertilization of an egg by a sperm
• Heart beat (3 weeks)
• When it begins to move (9 weeks)
• When it is viable (has a higher than 80% chance of survival if born too early)
• At birth

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Rights

In the eyes of the law:

• The mother has most of the rights; if she has been ***** or if she is ill
• The unborn fetus has rights; if the quality  of its life will be worse than death
• The existing children; if it will have a negative effect on the mother's existing children
• THE FATHER HAS NO RIGHTS (Until the child is born when they are financially responsible until it is 18)

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ProLife views

• Life is Sacred
• The fetus needs a voice
• No one can decide on the quality of life of another
• Abortion is murder (to some people)

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ProChoice Views

• A woman has a right to decide what happens to her body.
• Some foetuses are so damaged it would be even more cruel to let them be born
• If the woman's life it at risk she should be allowed the right of an abortion
• If the mother has been *****
• Women would try to have abortions anyway. It's better to make it legal and safe than illegal and have women die trying to do it 

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The Law

1967 Abortion Act the UK law on abortion- had to be done by 28 weeks

Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 the law that reduced the abortion limit to 24 weeks.

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Christian Attitudes

Against (Roman Catholics):

• Only God has the right to take a life because he created it.
• Life must be protected
• 'You shall not kill' 
• There are alternatives such as adoption

Not completely against (Anglicans):

• Lesser of two evils
• If the pregnancy threatens the mother's life
• If the mother has been *****
• Where the quality of  life is worse than death for the foetus

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How to Answer the big

Exam Question

Do you agree?:

Agree:

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Disagree:

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Your opinion (it is best if you use a Christian opinion not previously used in this question)

REMEMBER; IF YOU HAVEN'T REPEATED YOURSELF SEVERAL TIMES IN EACH SECTION OF THE PAPER THEN YOU'VE PROBABLY DONE SOMETHING WRONG