- Giddens (1990)
- fundamentalists are traditionalists
- the literal truth of scripture
- theirs is the only true view of the world
- intolerant
- avoid contact with others who think differently
- sees it as a reaction to globalisation
- undermines traditional social norms
- in today's late modern society, there is a choice, risk, and uncertainty
- it promises certainty in an uncertain world
- faith-based answers, in a world that demands rational answers
- cosmopolitan is tolerant and open to the views of others
- requires people to justify views
- lifestyle is the personal choice, rather than prescribed by choice
- self-improvement rather than submission to authority
fundamentalists use modern methods to spread beliefs
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