religion and the individual

pratt (1924)

• personalities drawn to religion are those who are dominated by guilt and shame.

allport

• 2 types of personality

-> intrinsic= religion is very real and take belief seriously

-> extrinsic= religion= means to an end

ullman(1982)

• converts have childhoods affected by unhappy childhoods
• converts feel safe and secure with religion
• however, soon leave after a period of time

tamminen(1994)

• christian- closer to god than men
• women=god=loving, comforting, forgiving.
• men=god=powerful,planning, contolling.

lowenthal (2000)

• jewish&muslim men more religiously active
• christian&hindu women more religiously active

erikson (1958)

• men= see god in the world
• women=see god inside themselves

reich (1997)

• women value social aspect

argyle 2006

• religious paricipation= high= 14 year

                                 =low  = 15/16 years

• many return to parents religion later on in life.

kuhlen and arnold 1944

• belief in literal truth of bible  12y=79% 15y=51%  18y=34%

• belief in god   12y= 82% 15y= 78% 18y= 74%

argyle

"it is sometimes believed that the elderly possess some deep wisdom and dignity. from observation of the very old, this is not always the case."