Religious organisations-male dominated e.g.Orthodox Judaism and Catholicism forbid women to become priests
- ARMSTRONG- sees women's exclusion from priesthood as evidence of their marginalisation
Places of worship-often they segregate the sexes e.g seating men in the central spaces and women behind screens
- their partcicipation may be restricted e.g. can't preach or read sacred books like in Islam when women are menstrating they aren't allowed to touch the Qur'an
- HOLM-describes as the devaluation of women on contemporary religions
Sacred texts- largely feature doing of male gods/prophets and written and interpreted by men
- stories often reflect anti-female stereotypes e.g. eve who caused fall from grace of humanity
Religious laws and customs-give women fewer rights like access to divorce, decision makeing, dress code
- may lead to unequal treatment e.g. genital mutilation. Many legitimate and regulate women's domestic role e.g. Catholic church bans abortion and contraception
- Polygomy-women allowed only one husband but husband has as many wives as wants
- WOODHEAD- exclusion of women from catholic priesthood shows churches unease for emancipation of women
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