Recent issues in Crime and Deviance

• Held Et Al - crime has become globalised
• Transnational organised crime is crime committed by a global criminal organisation e.g. the mafia, these crimes include drug traficking, money laudering and the sex trade
• Globalisation has changed the structure of crime, there used to be a clear hierarchy but now they tend to be a smaller netwrok - Hobbes and Duningham describe the structure as 'glocal'
• Globalised crime is hard to police as it crosses national borders
• It is hard for sociologists to study globalised crime because of its secretive nature

• Criminals make billions of dollars a year from global trade in illegal drugs
• Karofi and Mwanza - point to the consequences for health and changes in social behaviours due to drug taking
• Global communications and the unregulated financial markets has made the illegal trade in arms easier to carry out and harder to trace
• Karofi and Mwanza - global crime destabalises society and worsens existing conflicts

• Human trafficking is the illegal movement of people for exploitation
• Human Trafficking is one of the fastes growing global crimes
• millions of people across the world are in forced labour 

• Globalisation has lead to an increase in computer and internet use
• cybercrime breaches national borderd existing criminal law is often powerless to tackle it
• it will soon rival the drug trade in terms of profit
• global communications has also aided the growth of international terrorism

• Taylor - economic deregulation has given people more opportunity to commit crimes like fraud, money laundering, tax evasion etc.
• These are seen as crimes of the powerful and as those in power make the laws they often go unpunished
• globalisation has made employment less secure - increased unemployment and cuts to welfare lead to a rise in crime as people no longer have a reliable income
• Global capitalism has created more worker expolitation
• Success is now inked with owning consumer goods - some turn to crime as a way of acheving this
• attempts should be made to reacreate values of community to counteract the process of marketisation

• The environmental impact of green crime can be huge
• there are severe financial costs - the world bank estimated in 2004 illegal logging costed timber producing countries 10-15 billion dollars per year in revenue
• the effects of green crimes are often left in neighbouring countries
• Beck - we are living in a 'global risk society' because the risks associated with green crime are often on a global scale 
• many activities that harm the environemtn arent against the law
• what is illegal in one country may be legal in another
• GREEN CRIMINOLOGY - looks at actions that cause harm to people, animals and the environment
• south - split green crime into two catergories:

1. primary green crimes have an immediate effect on the environment e.g. water pollution and deforestation

2. secondary green crimes are committed when individuals, companies etc. break laws that are meant to protect the earth from environmental emergencies e.g. BP pleaded guilty to environmental crimes after causing an oil spill in the gulf of Mexico in 2010