Psychosexual Stages of Development

• Pleasure- through the mouth
• Personality structure-enjoyment of food and drink, dependance helplessness and acceptance
• dominated by Id- agression- biting then verbal aggression,e.g. sarcasm
• Fixation cause: too little or too much oral dependancy or trauma such as seperation from carer or early weaning
• Adult personality types:
• Too little- pessimistic, aggressive, depressed, selfish, uncaring, untrusting of people-trouble forming relationships and see others as objects to satisfy. Sarcastic,smoke, drink and eat too much
• Too much- easily fooled, big headed,dependent on others,unable to make decisions
• right amount: optimistic, cheerful and enjoying others company

• Pleasure: the anus
• Personality Structure: ego- aware of independance but affected by the demands of others
• Fixation cause: irregular potty training, restriction of child's freedom to go to the toliet, if Id dominates ego
• Adult personality types:
• Lack of freedom to go to the toliet: stuborness, ordelyness, ungenerous, sadistic, miserable, tidy/clean
• Pleasure getting rid of faeces: over generous, messy, always agree with others, stubborness.
• Likes pottery- mimiks playing with faeces

• Pleasure: genitals
• Personality structure: child aware of the 3 way relationship between itself and parents (Oedipus Complex), superego-know right from wrong,how boys and girls should behave (identification)
• Fixation causes: failure to resolve Oedipus Complex, an over or under developed superego, parents refusal to accept phallic stage
• Adult personality types:
• feeling excessivley guilty, or not at all, being sexually repressed or obssessed, unreasonable, big headed, obsessed with power, uncaring, dominat in realtionships

• Pleasure- none- calm period, genitals but not associated with sex
• Personality structure: all 3 aspects of personality have developed, libido channeled into school and sports, loss of interest in the opposite sex
• Fixation causes: period of calm in childhood if Oedipus Complex is resolved
• Adult personality: may have trouble with the opposite sex if they do not pass through phallic stage correctly, 3 personalities competing all the time

• Pleasure- genitals
• Personality structure: strive to be independant from parents, all 3 aspects of personality, more aware of practice and meeting all their demands
• Fixations cause: if there are fixations in previous stages, difficulty relating to the opposite sex
• Adult personality types:
• frustrated as libido wants sex but society doesn't
• selfish, shy, immature, trouble forming relationships
• If successful: child emerges with an adult perception of mature relationships.

Stengths

• Freud is right our family and early years affect our development. Correct themes of dependancy, seperation and rivalry are important in childhood development- Massie and Szajnberg (2002)- childhood trauma linked to mental health problems
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• Psychoanalysis has an answer for everthing and cannot be proved wrong- it is non- falsifiable
• strong support for anal and oral personality types- Huprich et al (2004)- orality and types of crime, Matby and Price (1999)- ananlity and political conservatism, Kline (1968)- strictness of potty training and anal fixation personality types
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• Case study of Little Hans- psychosexual stages particualy phallic and latency

Weaknesses

• research is not replicable so research not reliable
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• impossible to scientifically test so less valid and credible
• Oedipus complex theory (phallic stage) has no impact on development for gay and single parent families. Golombok (2000)- no evidence that non standard families cause development problems from the Oedipus Complex
• theory was not based on studying children but patients dreams, free associations and memories. Less valid- not scientifically observed