Psychodynamic Approach
Just the assumptions
- Created by: Bham369
- Created on: 07-11-17 11:52
Influence of Childhood Experiences
Oral Old
Anal Age
Phallic Pensioners
Latency Like
Genital Guiness
Can become fixated (by being over or under indulged) at any point during deevelopment. Unless they develop "healthily" fixation will have consequences.
Oral Stage
- 0-18 months
- Focus of the libido is the mouth
- Child is being breastfed/weaned
- Children are passive, receptive and dependent
- Explore the world with mouths
Oral Stage Fixation
Healthy Development
- Able to food enjoy as an adult
- Not over or under dependent on others
Under Indulged
- Envious
- Pessamistic
- Sarcastic
- Smoke
- May have drinking and/or eating problem
Over Indulged
- Optimistic
- Admiring
- Gullible
- Overly enthusiastic
Anal Stage
-
1-3 years
-
Focus of the libido is on the anus
-
Being potty trained
-
Ego develops as parents begin to impose restrictions
-
The first time a child will experience control (expulsion and retention of faeces)
Anal Stage Fixation
Healthy
- Able to deal with authority
- Can balence mess and order
Anally Retentive
- Precise
- Stubborn
- Stingy
- Careful
- Quiet
- Scared of being told off
Anally Expulsive
- Reckless
- Disorgenised
- Opinionated
Phallic Stage
-
3-6 years
-
Focus on genitals Curious about genitals
-
Superego develops through the resolution of Oedipus (for boys) or
Electra (for girls) complex -
By identifying with the same sex parent it leads to the formation of
the child's gender identity
Oedipus Complex
- Boy sexually interested in his mother
- Sees father as rival and wants to kill him
- Fears castration from dad so keeps feelings hidden
- Boy in a state of conflict
- Thinks that his mum will love him more if he is like his dad
- Identifies with father
- Superego develops
- Substitutes desire for mother, for other women
Electra Complex
- Girl sexually interested in father
- Develops penis envy
- Blames mother for not having a penis (thinks that mother removed penis)
- Sees mother as a sexual rival for her father
- Identifies with mother so she can keep mothers love but still harbour feelings towards father
- Superego develops
- Replaces penis envy with desire for baby
Phallic Stage Fixation
Healthy
- Well rounded adult
- Would internalies their same sex parent which become thier superego
Fixation
- Reckless
- Selfish
- Ambitious
- Vain/Proud
- Self-assured
- Uncapable of loving others
- Over/under sexually confident
Latency and Genital Stages
Latency Stage
-
7 years - Puberty
-
Focus is on same sex friendships
-
Events from previous stages are
repressed into the unconscious
Genital Stage
-
Puberty - Adolescence
-
Adult personality is formed Interested in the opposite sex
-
Repressed issues from previous stages may begin to cause a problem
The unconscious (Iceberg Theory)
The Consious
The small amount of mental activity we know about e.g. thoughts, perceptions etc.
The Pre-Conscious
Things we could be aware of if we wanted or tried e.g. memories, stored knowlage etc.
The Unconscious
Things we are entirley unaware of and can't become aware of e.g. instincts, deeply buried memories
Ego Defence Mechanisms
The unconsciuos is related to ego defence mechanisms. Conflicts btween the ego and superego create anxiety. The ego will use defence mechanisms to prevent it being ovewhelmed with anxiety. The four main defence mechanisms are:
- Regression
- Displacement
- Projection
- Repression
Regression
To go back to a previous to an earlier developmental stage
Being "babyish" instead of "grown-up"/ acting as society says a person of that age should behave
Displacement
Transfering impulses from one person/object to another e.g. boxing
Projection
Attributing undesirable thoughts to someone else
Repression
Pushing painful memories to the back of your mind/into the unconscious
Tripartite Personality
ID
- Impulsive and demanding
- Seeks immediate gratification
- Present at birth
Ego
- Conscious and rational
- Develops at around age 2
- Works out how to balence Id and Superego
Superego
- Develops at around age 4
- Sense of right and wrong
- Seeks to perfect and civilise our behaviour
Related discussions on The Student Room
- AQA A level Psychology 2023 predictions »
- Difference between therapy and counselling? »
- OCR Areas of psychology PREDICTIONS??!!?!? »
- Bsc psychology with counselling »
- AQA A-level Psychology Paper 2 (7182/2) - 25th May 2023 [Exam Chat] »
- Marking AQA a-level Psychology Essay: Evaluate and outline the social learning theory »
- What is your Method to remembering AO3 Evaluation Points in Psychology? »
- AQA A-level psychology help »
- AQA A Level Psychology Paper 2 7182/2 - 8 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat] »
- questions in the 2023 paper psychology paper 1 »
Comments
No comments have yet been made