Prokaryotic Cells

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Cell Wall

  • Made up of protein called peptidoglycan (polymer of amino acids and sugars)
  • Also called murein 
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DNA

  • Similar to DNA present in eukaryotes
  • Packaged more tightly and supercoiled (so more compact)
  • Genes present on the chromosomes are grouped into operons (where several genes are switched on and off at the same time)
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Ribosomes

  • 70S ribosomes
  • Smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes (80S - forms more complex protiens)
  • Relative size: Dependant on rate at which they settle or form sediment in solution
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Flagella

  • Not the 9+2 arrangement like in cilia
  • Filament attached to cell by the basal body
  • Rotated by the molecular motor
  • Energy to rotate provided by ATP
  • Molecular motor causes hook to rotate - resulting in the filament moving in a whip-like manner and propelling the cell
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