- Stability of polarisation chnages as E-field is applied
- Gibbs -P curve can predict switching and hysteresis loop
Tolerance factor: Measure stability of crystal, compare to ideal lattice parameters
Perovskites
- Sum of cation charges = 6+
- isovalent --> same oxidation state , aliovalent : different state oxidation state
Complex perovskite
- different oxidation state ions on single site
- not stable over wide range of composition
- disorder on sites affects properties
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