Primary & Secondary Effects of Earthquakes and Volcanoes

Revision cards to help you work out if the effects of volcanoes and earthquakes are primary or secondary. For your AQA Geography B Unit 2 exam.

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Primary Effects of Earthquakes

  • Collapse of buildings
  • Cracks in the road
  • Collapse of bridges
  • Windows shattering
  • Gas pipes break
  • Water pipes break
  • Electricity pylons falling
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Secondary Effects of Earthquakes

  • Fires
  • Explosions
  • Homelessness
  • Floods
  • Tsunamis
  • Disease
  • Ruined businesses
  • Landslides
  • Cost of insurance claims
  • Unemployment
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Primary Effects of Volcanic Eruptions

  • Building destroyed in fires
  • Explosions
  • Weight of ash ruining buildings
  • Crops destroyed
  • Livestock killed
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Secondary Effects of Volcanic Eruptions

  • Mudflows
  • Landscape changes
  • Climate change
  • Food shortages
  • Water shortages
  • Homelessness
  • Businesses ruined
  • Cost of insurance claims
  • Unemployment
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What is the Difference Between Primary & Secondary

Primary effects are...

  • the effects resulting directly from the event itself

Secondary effects are...

  • the effects resulting from the primary effects
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