Prevention 2

Huges and Edwards: 2005 

"focussed on changing targeted social environment and the motivations of offender, and 'community' development, in order to deter potential offender from future offending"

• prevention of criminality
• focus on people not situations 
• some people/groups more likely to engage in crimial activity 
• reduce risk factors and increase protection. 

• low intelligence and attainment - not well educated
• empathy 
• impulsiveness 
• social cognitive skills are poor.

• criminal/ anti social family members. 
• large family size
• child-rearing methods 
• child abuse / neglect 
• disrupted families .

• found all these effects were visible in criminals: 
• imulsivness:attention problems 
• low school attainment 
• poor parental supervision
• parental conflict / anti social parents 
• young mothers, large familie sizes 
• low family income 
• coming from broken families. 

• found all these effects were visible in criminals: 
• imulsivness:attention problems 
• low school attainment 
• poor parental supervision
• parental conflict / anti social parents 
• young mothers, large familie sizes 
• low family income 
• coming from broken families. 

children and juveniles: 

• parental education 
• parent training 
• pre-school programmes 
• school programmes 

children and juveniles: 

• parental education 
• parent training 
• pre-school programmes 
• school programmes 

• 400 high risk pregnant women
• 9 home visits during preganacy, 23 visits post-natally 
• nurse promoted: 
• - positive health-related behaviours during preganacy and early years of childs life 
• - competent care of children
• - maternal personal development
• - linked families with needed health care and human service and involved family memebrs and friends. 

Age 15 experiment group reported: 

• fewere instances of running away
• fewere arrests
• fewer convictions and violations of probation 
• fewer lifetime sex partners 
• fewer smoked 
• fewer days having consumed alochol in last 6 months.

• 400 high risk pregnant women
• 9 home visits during preganacy, 23 visits post-natally 
• nurse promoted: 
• - positive health-related behaviours during preganacy and early years of childs life 
• - competent care of children
• - maternal personal development
• - linked families with needed health care and human service and involved family memebrs and friends. 

Age 15 experiment group reported: 

• fewere instances of running away
• fewere arrests
• fewer convictions and violations of probation 
• fewer lifetime sex partners 
• fewer smoked 
• fewer days having consumed alochol in last 6 months.

Sampson and Laub (1993) 

• focus on 'adults roe' 
• - employment 
• -housing
• - prosocial bonds 
• -mental health 

Employment: 

• UK - Young adults commited more crimes during unemployment (Farrington et al 1986) 
• netherlands - Work = reduction in offending 49% men 46% women (Visher 2005) 
• Only high quality jobs reduce criminality (Uggen 1999) 

Sampson and Laub (1993) 

• focus on 'adults roe' 
• - employment 
• -housing
• - prosocial bonds 
• -mental health 

Employment: 

• UK - Young adults commited more crimes during unemployment (Farrington et al 1986) 
• netherlands - Work = reduction in offending 49% men 46% women (Visher 2005) 
• Only high quality jobs reduce criminality (Uggen 1999) 

• situational and social approaches 
• spatial analysis: high rates of crime in some areas (hot spots) 
• chicago school (Mckay 1942) 
• underclass (Murray 1990) 
• mentoring 
• neighbourhood watch schemes - increasing surveillance and social cohesion 

• situational and social approaches 
• spatial analysis: high rates of crime in some areas (hot spots) 
• chicago school (Mckay 1942) 
• underclass (Murray 1990) 
• mentoring 
• neighbourhood watch schemes - increasing surveillance and social cohesion 

• poor job prospects 
• high levels of crime 
• educational under achievement 
• poor health 
• problems with housing and environment