Politics during Bismarck's time as Chancellor

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Bismarck's aims for reunification

Bismarck was a power politician and a conservative Junker.

His aims for reunification were:

  • The Prussian supremacy within a unified Germany,
  • To made decisions by 'blood and iron.'
  • 'Revolution from above' meaning he would want to acbieve reunification, through a means of war.
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Kulturkampf

One of Bismarck's famous policies were the KULTURKAMPF:

  • This policy placed all schools under state supervision.
  • In 1872, jesuit order was banned.
  • In 1873, the May Laws were introduced.
  • Civil marriage was introduced, in 1874/75, as Catholics could no longer get married in church.
  • In 1875, chhurch subsidies were suspended, which dissolutioned religious orders.
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Anti- Socialist Bill

The Anti-Socialist Bill was introduced in 1878:

  • This expelled socialist agitators.
  • This forbade:
    • Socialist and communist meetings.
    • Socieities
    • Publications.
  • However, despite this, socialist parliamentary party persisted.
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German Welfare State

The German Welfare State was another policy of Bismarck's, as a deterrent towards socialism:

  • In 1883, the SIckness Insurance Act was passed.
  • In 1884, the Accident Insurance Act was created.
  • The Sickness and Accident Insurance for Agriculture Workers was passed in 1886.
  • Old Age and Invalidity Insurance Act was created in 1889.
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Bismarckian System

The Bismarckian System consisted of:

  • Three Emperors' League in 1873:
    • This included Germany, Russia and Austria- Hungary
  • Dual Alliance in 1879:
    • Germany, Austria-Hungary was part of this.
  • Three Emperors' Agreement in 1881:
    • Ths was agreed by Germany, Russia and Austria-Hungary.
  • Triple Alliance was created in 1882:
    • This was the Dual Alliance, including Germany and Austria-Hungary, but Italy later joined this alliance.
  • The Mediterranean Agreement I and II in 1887:
    • Consisted of Britain, Italy and Austria-Hungary.
  • The Reassurance Treaty in 1887:
    • Germany and Russia.
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