physiological psychology revision
- Created by: veerinder kaur
- Created on: 04-05-08 19:26
schachter&singer
what are the 2 factors in the 2 factor theory of emotion?
2 factors we need to feel emotion -
one is arousaland the other is attribution (cognitive)
schachter and singer
what was the aim of the experiment?
to describe an experiment that provides support for schachter's theory of the interaction between physiology, cognition, and behaviour in emotional experience
schachter and singer
who were the p's in the study?
184 male college students, 90% of whom volunteered to get extra points in their exams
schachter and singer
describe the 4 experimental conditions of the injection(1st IV)...
informed- were told the real side effects of the injection
misinformed- were told false side effects of injection(e.g. itching, numbness etc)
ignorant- told there would be no side effects of injection
controlled- injected with a placebo really, and told there was no side effects at all
all 4 groups were told they were injected with a suproxin injection when they weren't
schachter and singer
what is a placebo?
a saline solution which has no direct effect on arousal of the sympathetic nervous system
schachter and singer
what are the effects of being injected by epinephrine?
general physiological arousal of the sympathetic nervous system causing
accelerated heartbeat/breathing, palpitations
schachter and singer
describe how was the 2nd IV manipulated(anger and euphoria conditions)...
euphoric stooge- subjects saw a confederate behaving happily- throwing paper and playing with a hula hoop
angry stooge - subjects saw a confederate complain and behave in an outraged way, ripping up questionnaires
schachter and singer
describe the 2 ways in which the researchers measured the p's emotion...
observation - observed through a one way mirror for how similar it was to the stooge's behaviour
self-report measures - this was used to assess how good or angry they felt on a scale of 1-5
schachter and singer
in the euphoria conditions which groups showed the greatest happiness?
the ignorant and misinformed groups as they didn't have a relevant explanation of their arousal.
schachter and singer
explain why the experiment could be seen as unethical...
as participants were decieved over purpose of study and contents of injection
schachter and singer
outline 2 main controls of the experiment...
self-report scales
all injected with either placebo or epinephrine
dement and kleitman
what is meant by REM sleep?
rapid eye movent during sleeping
dement and kleitman
outline the 3 hypothesis in this study...
there will be a significant association between REM sleep & dreaming
there will be a significant positive correlation between the estimate of duration of dreams and the length of eye movement
there will be a significant association between the pattern of the eye movent & context of dream
dement and kleitman
describe the sample used in this study...
7 adult males and 2 adult females
5 were studied intensively, studied to confirm results
dement and kleitman
explain one criticism of this sample...
not representative to the whole of the human race as it was so small
explain one strength of this sample...
because its a small group you can study them more in depth and focus
dement & klietman
why do u think the p's were asked to abstain from alcohol or caffeine on the day of the experiment?
so their sleep wouldn't be effected
dement and kleitman
what was an EEG used for?
was used to amplify and record the signals
outline 1strength
reliable accurate data
outline 1 weakness
reductionist approach- appliesa simple approach to a complex problem (ignores nurture)
dement & kleitman
what did the p's have to do every time they were woken up?
immediately report into a recording device wether they had been dreaming and the content of the dream before any contact with experimenter to avoid bias
dement and kleitman
sum up dement and kleitman's findings in relation to thier hypotheses...
all participants showed periods of REM every night during their sleep
all 3 hypotheses were proved correct
dement and kleitman
what is meant by ecological validity (EV)?
real to life
dement and kleitman
suggest 4 ways in which the experiement may have lacked EV?
it was in a lab
electrodes were stuck to their heads
they wouldn't normally be woken up by a door bell so much
knew they were in an experiment
sperry
what is the function of the corpus callosum?
interconnect and allow communication between the two cerebral hemispheres
sperry
what are the functions of each hemisphere?
left- controls right side of the body, language,speech, writing, analysis, calculations
right- controls left side of the body, drawing , facial recognition, holistic thoughts, spatial awareness
sperry
outline the details of the sample...
11patients who underwent hemispheric deconnection to reduce crippling epilepsy
sperry
explain why this was a quasi experiment...
as p's had naturally undergone hemispheric deconnection
sperry
how was information presented to one visual feild?
patients fixed their eyes on a centre spot
words or pictures projected either side of this point for 1/10th of a sec
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