Physics Paper 1 Higher combined

• Speed = Distance / Time

• Distance = Speed x Time 

• F = ma

• w = mg

• p = mxv

• a = (v-u) / t

• v = u + at

THz = Tera = x10^12

GHz = Giga = x10^9

MHz = Mega = x10^6

KHz = Kilo = x10^3

M = meter = x10

mm = milli = x10^-3

μm = micro = x10^-6

nm = nano = x10^-9

pm = pico = x10^-12

Vector = magnitude and direction

Scalar = magnitude

Scalar :

• Volume
• Speed
• Distance
• Mass 
• Energy

Vectors

• Velocity                                
• Distance 
• Force
• Acceleration
• Displacement 
• momentum
• friction

Suvat Equations:

 Acceleration : a = (v-u) / t

v^2 - u^2 = 2 X a X x/s

S = distance

U = initial velocity

V = final velocity

A = acceleration

T = time 

Deceleration is just a negative acceleraton

Example Question: 40m/s stops in 8 seconds. What is the deceleration? 

a = (v-u) / t  ,  a = 0-40 / 8 = -5m/s

Momentum = Mass x Velocity

p = m X v 

Example Question:

The velocity of the container was 18 m/s as it hit the floor. The mass of the container was 0.5 kg. Calculate the momentum.

P=MxV

p = 18 x 0,.5 = 9 kgm/s

Transverse Waves = Particles move up and down at right angles (perpendicular) to the direction the wave is moving. Examples of these waves: water waves, light waves, seismic s-waves.

Longitudinal Waves = Particles move back and forth in the same direction the wave is moving. Examples of these waves: Sound waves, seimic p-waves.

Wave speed equation: Velocity = frequency x wavelength 

Example Question:

Calculate the Wavelength when the frequency is 15KHz and the velocity is 330 m/s.

15KHz = 15000

wavelength = velocity / frequency

Wavelength = 330 / 15000 =0.022 m 

3 things that happen when light reaches the boundery:

• Reflection
• Transmittion
• Absorbtion

Wave law = Threre is no change in speed, frequency oir wavelength

Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection 

• When light enters a more dense medium it will bend towards the normal
• Light slows down and bends towards the normal in a medium that is more dense.
• Light speeds up and bends away from the normal in a medium that is less dence.

Isotopes = Are atoms of the sam element that have the same atomic number but have a differnt mass number. ( same number of protons, different number of neutrons)

Equation: Relative atomic mass = (% x mass) + (% x mass) / 100

Example Question: 

Silicon-27  = 30%, Silicon-28 = 60%, Silicon-29 = 10%. Calculate the relative atomic mass.

(30% x 27) + (60% x 28) + (10% x 29) / 100 = 27.8

Half life = The time taken for the activity of a readioactive source to decay by half. (Half lifes are constant)

Example Question:

Carbon-14 has a half life of 5700 years. The activity of a Roman artifact has decreased from 64,000Bq to 4000Bq. What is the age of the object?

64,000 - 32,000 - 16,000 - 8,000 - 4,000 ~(It has 4 half lives)

5700 x 4 = 22800 ( this is the age of the object)

Fission = A large nucleus breaks in to smaller nuclei, releasing energy

Fussion = Two samller nuclei join toether to make one big nucleus