Potential difference: The energy transferred to a component, or the work done on a component by each coulomb of charge that flows through it
V = E/Q potential difference, V = energy transferred, J / charge flow, C
A voltmeter measures the potential difference of a component, in volts. Voltmeters have to be connected in parallel with the component they are measuring.
R = V/I resistance, Ω = potential difference, V / current, A
Resistance is caused by vibrating ions inside a wire, which makes it harder for the electrons to pass through. A resistor in a circuit affects the current in both series and parallel circuits.
Ohm's law: The current through a resistor (at a constant temperature) is directly proportional to the potential difference across it.
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