Personality

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  • Created by: T - raffe
  • Created on: 08-12-16 21:34

Trait Perspective

Trait perspective

  • Behaviour is INNATE & GENETICALLY determined

  • Behaviour is STABLE & PREDICTABLE

  • Behaviour = Function of Personality

Drawbacks:

  • States that behaviour is PREDICTABLE

  • Doesn’t consider influences from the ENVIROMENT

  • Doesn’t consider that people ADAPT their behaviour

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Trait Perspective Theories

1. Eysenck (Personality types) = 4 primary personality traits

  • Neurotic
    • Display UNPREDICTABLE emotions
    • Mood = UNRELIABLE
    • HIGH stress levels
  • Stable
    • Display PREDICTABLE emotions & mood
    • LOW levels of stress
  • Extrovert
    • OUTGOING
    • Aroused SLOWLY
  • Introvert
    • SHY
    • Prefer ISOLATION
    • Aroused QUICKLY
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Trait Perspective Theories

2. Girdano (Narrow Band Theories) = 2 distinct personality types (A and B)

 Type A

  • Highly COMPETITIVE
  • Work FAST
  • Suffer from STRESS
  • STRONG desire to SUCCEED

Type B

  • NOT competitive
  • Work SLOW
  • LESS prone to STRESS
  • LACK desire to SUCCEED
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Social Learning Perspective

Social Learning Perspective

  • All behaviour is LEARNED through the ENVIRONMENT & OTHERS
  • Personality develops because of OBSERVING others
  • New behaviour should be REINFORCED
  • Role model = influential for personality shaping
  • Behaviour = Function of Environment

Conditions that support social learning:

  • AUTHORITATIVE role model
  • Observer & model = SAME gender
  • Behaviour is demonstrated by ROLE MODEL
  • Observer wants to ADOPT the NORMS of a new culture

 Drawbacks:

  • Doesn’t consider GENETICALLY inherited factors

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Social Learning Perspective Theory

1. Bandura

  • VICARIOUS learning = Learning by WATCHING
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Interactionist Approach

Interactionist Approach

  • COMBINATION on trait and social learning
  • Traits are TRIGGERED by the ENVIRONMENT
  • Personality CHANGES in situations
  • Behaviour is UNPREDICTABLE and a PRODUCT of CIRCUMSTANCES
  • Behaviour = Function of PERSONALITY x Function of ENVIRONMENT

Strengths:

  • Supports the claim that TYPICAL RESPONSES emerge in different SITUATIONS
  • Suggests that behaviour is UNPREDICTABLE
  • Offers EXPLANATIONS as to why performers can CHANGE in different SITUATIONS
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Interactionist Approach Theory

1. Hollander = personality has 3 levels

Psychological Core

  • Most INTERNAL part of personality
  • DIFFICULT to RESEARCH
  • STABLE

Typical Response

  • CHANGEABLE and consists of LEARNED behaviour
  • Behaviour is MODIFIED through interaction with the EVIRONMENT
  • REFLECTS the CORE

Role-related Behaviour

  • Most EXTERNAL part of personality
  • DYNAMIC and most CHANGEABLE
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Personality Profiling

Cattell's = examined 16 personality factors

Positives

  • Knowing a performers personality can help to MOTIVATE them
  • Can understand which position BEST SUITS the perofrmer
  • Can help to CONTROL a performer's ANXIETY

Negatives

  • Results are VAGUE and UNRELIABLE
  • Results CAN'T be GENERALISED = unrepreseentative sample
  • Lacks ECOLOGICAL VALIDITY = doesnt relate to performance
  • SUBJECTIVE = unreliable interpretations
  • DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS = performer may ALTER behaviour
  • STEREOTYPING
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