Performance

SOMATOTYPE

   Sumo wrestler             Sprinter                High Jumper

AGE

• 10-25 years performance can rise to highest
• 25-45 years performance levels deacrease
• 45+ years performance is at its lowest

GENDER

• Females after puberty- wider hips, more body fat, strength to weight ratio decreases
• Males after puberty- biggere/stronger, bigger muscles, weight increases, bigger bones

ENVIRONMENT

• Altitude, weather, pollution and ground surface

LIFESTYLE

• Physical, mental and social well-being
• Good hygeine, attitude, sleep, safety, alcohol/drug abuse and diet (PASSAD)

ILLNESS AND HEALTH

• Nature of the game can cause injury
• Lack of fitness can lead to injury
• Returning too soon after injury/illness can cause further injury

DIET AND HEALTH

• Daily intake=energy used=stable weight
• Daily intake>energy used=weight gain
• Daily intake<energy used=weight loss

ENERGY PRODUCTION

• Carbohydrates (fast release energy), protein (growth/repair), water(replace fluids), fats(slow release energy), vitamins A(skin) and C(prevent scurvy) and D(prevent rickets), minerals(strong bones)
• Macronutrients= vitamins and minerals, need small amounts
• Micronutrients= proteins, fats and carbohydrates, need larger amounts

ACCEPTABLE USE:

• Asthmatic treatments, hay fever treatments and prescriped drugs for illness/injury

UNACCEPTABLE USE:

• Anabolic steroids- accelerate growth and repair of muscle. Can cause heart problems.
• Peptide hormones- similar to steroids. Artificially produced.
• Beta blockers- helps performer to relax. Can cause depression.
• Diuretics- remove fluids and cause quick weight loss. Can act as masking agents for other banned drugs. Can cause loss of vitamins.
• Narcotic analgesics (painkillers)- suppress pain from injury. Can lead to injuries worsening.
• Stimulants- increase alertness. Can increase aggression.
• Alcohol- induce feeling of well-being. Can cause kidney and liver damage.
• Tobacco- a relaxant. Increases heart rate/blood pressure. Can cause blocked arteries.
• Blood doping- (practice) Remove red blood cells, freeze them, re-inject. Better oxygen carrying. Can cause liver damage.