PE REVISION CARDS!

revision cards which I can learn from to make me incredibly smart before my exams. :)

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Aerobic

'With oxygen'. If exercise is not too fast and is steady, the heart can supply all the oxygen muscles need.

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Aesthetic appreciation

To be able to see the beauty in a performance.

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Agility

The ability to change position of the body quickly and to control the movement of the whole body.

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Anabolic Steroids

Drugs that mimic the male sex hormone testosterone and promote bone and muscle growth. 

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Anaerobic

'Without Oxygen'. If exercise is done in short, fast bursts, the heart cannot supply blood and oxygen to muscles as fast as the cells use them. 

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Anorexic

Pertaining to anorexia; a prolonged eating disorder due to loss of appetite.

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Balance

The ability to retain the body's centre of mass over the base of support with reference to static (stationary) and dynamic (changing), conditions of movement, shape and orientation.

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Balanced diet

A diet which contains an optimal ratio of nutrients.

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Beat Blockers

Drugs that are used to control the heart rate and have a relaxing/calming effect.

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Blood Pressure

Blood pressure is the force exerted by the heart as it pumps blood out of the heart and into the arteries (systolic high pressure) and it is low when it relaxes between beats (diastolic) 

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Body Composition

the percentage of body weight which is fat, muscle and bone.

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Cardiac Output

the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute. 

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Cardiovascular firtness

the ability to exercise the entire body for long periods of time.

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Cholesterol

cholesterol is a blood fat which the body needs in MODERATE amounts.

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Circuit training

a set of 6-10 exercises performed at stations in an organised pattern. Each exercise is performed for a specified number of repetitions or for a prescribed time before moving on to the next exercise.

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Cooper's run test

a test of cardiovascular fitness.

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Coordination

the ability to use two or more body parts together. 

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Cross training

using more than one training method.

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Diuretics

Drugs that elevate the rate of bodily urine excretion.

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Ectomorph

a somatotype, individuals with narrow shoulders and narrow hips characterised by thinness.

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Endomorph

a somatotype, individuals with wide hips and narrow shoulders, characterised by fatness.

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Erythropoeitin (EPO)

a type of peptide hormone that increases the red blood cell count. 

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Exercise

a form of physical activity done to maintain or improve health and/or physical fitness.

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Fartlek training

this type of training allows an athlete to run at varying speeds, over unmeasured distances, or on different terrain. (fartlek is Swedish for speed play)

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Fitness

the ability to meet the demands of the environment.

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FITT

Frequency, Intensity, Time Type. used to increase the amount of work the body does in order to achieve overload. 

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Flexibility

the range of movement possible at a joint. 

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Health

a state of complete mental, physical and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity. 

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Health related exercise

exercise which is undertaken primarily to improve health and fitness for life.

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Healthy active lifestyle

a lifestyle that contributes positively to physical, mental and social wellbeing, and that includes regular physical activity. 

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heart rate

the number of times the heart beats per minute. 

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Hypokinetic disease

a disease related to too little activity. (hypo means too little, kinetic means energy)

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Individual needs

matching training to the requirements of an individual.

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Hypertrophy

increase in the size of muscle. 

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isometric contractions

muscle contraction which results in increased tension but the length does not alter, when pressing against a stationary object. 

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Isotonic contraction

muscle contraction that results in limb movement.

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Joint

a place where two or more bones meet. 

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Mesomorph

a somatotype, individuals with wide shoulders and narrow hips, characterised by muscularity. 

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Ligaments

a tissue that joins bone to bone.

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Methods of Training

interval training, continuous training, weight training, fartlek training, circuit training, cross training. 

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Muscular endurance

the ability to use voluntary muscles many times without getting tired.

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muscle groups

muscles may be arranged in groups according to location and/or function e.g muscles of the leg.

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Muscular strength

the amount of force a muscle can exert against a resistance. 

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Narcotic analgesics

drugs that can be used to reduce the feeling of pain.

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Obese

a term to describe people who are very overfat.

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Optimum weight

best weight or desirable weight - the weight a performer performs best at.

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Overfat

a way of saying you have more body fat than you should have. 

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Overload

Fitness can only be improved through training more than you usually do. 

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Overweight

Having weight in excess of normal (not harmful unless accompanied by overfatness)

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Oxygen debt

the amount of oxygen consumed during recovery above which would would have ordinarily been consumed in the same time at rest (this results sin a shortfall in the oxygen available) 

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PAR Q

Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire

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PEP

Personal Exercise Programme.

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PESSCL

PE and School Sports Club Links. 

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Performance

how well a task is completed. 

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Physical Activity

any form of exercise or movement; physical activity may be planned and structured or unplanned and unstructured. (in PE we are concerned with planned and structured such as a fitness class) 

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Power

The ability to do strength performances quickly. 

Power= Strength x Speed.

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Progressive Overload

to gradually increase the amount of overload so that fitness gains occur.

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Reaction time

the time between the presentation of a stimulus and the onset of movement.

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Recovery

the time required for the repair of damage to the body caused by training or competition. 

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Rehabilitation

restoring (an injury) to its normal, functioning state.

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Rest

the period of time allotted to recovery.

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Resistance training

training that uses a resistance or force against which specific muscle groups must work e.g weight training. 

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Reversibility

Any adaptation that takes place as a consequence of training will be reversed when you stop training.

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RICE

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation (a method of treating injuries)

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Role Models

a person you can aspire to be, to make you a better person. Often has qualities that we would like to have.

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Self esteem

Respect for, or a favourable opinion of yourself.

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Skill Related Fitness

Exercise which may be undertaken primarily to improve sporting ability.

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SMART

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-Bound.

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Socio economic status

may be based on a persons income, occupation, and occupation. 

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Somatotypes

Classification of body type.

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Speed

the differential rate at which an individual is able to perform a movement or cover a distance in a period of time. 

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Stimulants

Drugs that have an effect on the central nervous system, such as increased mental and/or physical alertness.

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Stroke Volume

The volume of blood pumped out of the heart in a beat.

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Target zone

the range within which an individual needs to work for aerobic training to take place (60-80% of maximum heart rate)

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Tendons

a tissue that joins muscles to bone.

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Training

a well planned programme which uses scientific principles to improve performance, skill, game ability and motor and physical fitness.

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Training thresholds

the boundaries of the target zone.

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Underweight

weighing less than normal, healthy or required.

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